Tetracalcium phosphate composite containing quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate with antibacterial properties†
Lei Cheng
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Search for more papers by this authorMichael D. Weir
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Search for more papers by this authorPenwadee Limkangwalmongkol
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Search for more papers by this authorGary D. Hack
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hockin H. K. Xu
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland 21250
Hockin H. K. Xu, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Xuedong Zhou, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Search for more papers by this authorQianming Chen
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xuedong Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Hockin H. K. Xu, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Xuedong Zhou, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Search for more papers by this authorLei Cheng
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Search for more papers by this authorMichael D. Weir
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Search for more papers by this authorPenwadee Limkangwalmongkol
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Search for more papers by this authorGary D. Hack
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hockin H. K. Xu
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland 21250
Hockin H. K. Xu, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Xuedong Zhou, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Search for more papers by this authorQianming Chen
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xuedong Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Hockin H. K. Xu, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Xuedong Zhou, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Search for more papers by this authorHow to cite this article: Cheng L, Weir MD, Limkangwalmongkol P, Hack GD, Xu HHK, Chen Q, Zhou X. 2012. Tetracalcium phosphate composite containing quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate with antibacterial properties. J Biomed Mater Res Part B 2012:100B:726–734.
Abstract
Tooth caries is a carbohydrate-modified bacterial infectious disease, and recurrent caries is a frequent reason for restoration failure. The objective of this study was to develop a novel antibacterial composite using tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) fillers and bis(2-methacryloyloxy-ethyl) dimethyl-ammonium bromide, which is a quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). QADM was synthesized using 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and 2-bromoethyl methacrylate and incorporated into a resin. The resin was filled with 40% TTCP and 30% glass particles. The following QADM mass fractions in the composite were tested: 0%, 6%, 12%, and 18%. Streptococcus mutans biofilms were formed on the composites and the colony-forming units (CFUs), metabolic activity, and lactic acid production were measured. The TTCP-QADM composite had flexural strength and elastic modulus similar to those of two commercial composites (p > 0.1). Increasing the QADM content in TTCP composite greatly decreased the bacteria growth and biofilm matrix production. There were significantly more dead bacteria with increasing QADM content. TTCP composite containing 18% QADM had biofilm CFU, metabolic activity, and acid production about half of those without QADM. Inversely linear relationships were established between QADM mass fraction and S. mutans biofilm CFU, metabolic activity, and acid production, with correlation coefficients R2 ≥ 0.98. In conclusion, TTCP-QADM composites were developed and the effect of QADM mass fraction on the antibacterial properties of the composite was determined for the first time. The novel TTCP-QADM composites possessing a strong antibacterial capability, together with calcium phosphate ion release and good mechanical properties, are promising for dental restorations to reduce biofilm growth and recurrent caries. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
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