Exploring the stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales in a typical subtropical deciduous forest
Haixia Zhang
Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Congsheng Fu
Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
Correspondence
Congsheng Fu, Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Email: [email protected]
Aimin Liao, Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, 239080, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Aimin Liao
Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, China
Correspondence
Congsheng Fu, Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Email: [email protected]
Aimin Liao, Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, 239080, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiufu Liu
Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorNiu Wang
Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorBin He
National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorHaixia Zhang
Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Congsheng Fu
Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
Correspondence
Congsheng Fu, Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Email: [email protected]
Aimin Liao, Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, 239080, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Aimin Liao
Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, China
Correspondence
Congsheng Fu, Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Email: [email protected]
Aimin Liao, Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, 239080, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiufu Liu
Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorNiu Wang
Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Chuzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorBin He
National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Numerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter-event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra-event scale. An in-depth investigation of the inter- and intra-event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (FV), stemflow funnelling ratio (FR), and stemflow ratio (F%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter- and intra-event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the FV, FR and F% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on FV and F% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter-event scale, FV had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (GP) and event duration (DE) for both tree species, whereas FR and F% had a positive logarithmic correlation with GP and DE only under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type. FR and F% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity under low-intensity, long-duration rainfall type. At the intra-event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high-amount, long-duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5-min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| hyp14091-sup-0001-SupInfo.docxWord 2007 document , 224.6 KB |
Figure S1. Spearman's correlation coefficients between event stemflow volume (FV), stemflow funnelling ratio (FR) and stemflow ratio (F%) with the influencing meteorological factors under different rainfall types for Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera, respectively, from a subtropical deciduous forest (eastern China). ***represents p < 0.001; **represents p < 0.01; *represents p < 0.05. Table S1. Canopy structures metrics of the monitored Q. acutissima and B. papyrifera trees during the experimental period from a subtropical deciduous forest (eastern China). Table S2. Statistics of meteorological factors during the experimental periods from a subtropical deciduous forest (eastern China). |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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