Prognostic factors in patients with minor salivary gland carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx
Corresponding Author
José F. Carrillo MD
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, MexicoSearch for more papers by this authorFederico Maldonado MD
Division of Radiotherapy. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorLiliana C. Carrillo BSc
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorMargarita C Ramirez-Ortega PhD
Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorJuan G. Gómez Pizano MD
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorC. Melo
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorJosé G Chanona MD
Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, México City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorK. Luna-Ortiz
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorLuis F. Oñate Ocaña MD
Division of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
José F. Carrillo MD
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, MexicoSearch for more papers by this authorFederico Maldonado MD
Division of Radiotherapy. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorLiliana C. Carrillo BSc
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorMargarita C Ramirez-Ortega PhD
Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorJuan G. Gómez Pizano MD
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorC. Melo
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorJosé G Chanona MD
Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, México City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorK. Luna-Ortiz
Head and Neck Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorLuis F. Oñate Ocaña MD
Division of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background
This study was performed to define prognostic factors and management of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx .
Methods
Retrospective analyses of patients with salivary gland carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx, treated in 1989 to 2006. Statistics included univariate analyses to identify prognostic factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival. A multivariate analysis model was constructed by the Cox method.
Results
Seventy-seven patients constituted our cohort. Significant prognostic factors regarding DFS and disease-specific survival in univariate analyses comprised tumor size, surgical margins, grade, lymph node status, and Karnofsky status and T classification. A multivariate model identified tumor size, grade, surgical margins, and lymph node status significant regarding DFS.
Conclusions
Tumor size, grade, surgical margins, and lymph node status could be used for a rational design of treatment strategies in these rare tumors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
REFERENCES
- 1 Eveson JW, Cawson RA. Salivary gland tumors: a review of 2,410 cases with particular reference to histological types, site, age, and sex distribution. J Pathol 1985; 146: 51–58.
- 2
Lopes MA, Santos GC, Kowalski LP.
Multivariate survival analysis of 128 cases of oral cavity minor salivary gland carcinomas.
Head Neck
1998;
20:
699–706.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0347(199812)20:8<699::AID-HED7>3.0.CO;2-P CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 3
Loyola AM, de Araújo VC, de Sousa SO, de Araújo NS.
Minor salivary gland tumours. A retrospective study of 164 cases in a Brazilian population.
Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol
1995;
31:
197–201.
10.1016/0964-1955(95)00001-X Google Scholar
- 4 Terhaard CH, Lubsen H, Van der Tweel I, et al. Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group. Salivary gland carcinoma: independent prognostic factors for locoregional control, distant metastases, and overall survival: results of the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group. Head Neck 2004; 26: 681–692.
- 5
Vander Poorten VL, Balm AJ, Hilgers FJ, Tan IB, Keus RB, Hart AA.
Stage as major long term outcome predictor in minor salivary gland carcinoma.
Cancer
2000;
89:
1195–1204.
10.1002/1097-0142(20000915)89:6<1195::AID-CNCR2>3.0.CO;2-J CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 6 Subhashraj K. Salivary gland tumors: a single institution experience in India. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 46: 635–638.
- 7 Chou C, Zhu G, Luo M, Xue G. Carcinoma of the minor salivary glands: results of surgery and combined therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996; 54: 448–453.
- 8 FL Greene, DL Page, ID Fleming, et al. Editors. AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook. 6th ed. NewYork: Springer; 2002. p. 35–60.
- 9 WHO classification of tumors. Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumors. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2005.
- 10 Batsakis JG, Luna MA. Histopathologic grading of salivary gland neoplasms: I. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990; 99: 835–838.
- 11 Batsakis JG, Luna MA, El-Naggar AK. Histopathologic grading of salivary gland neoplasms: II. Acinic cell carcinomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990; 99: 929–933.
- 12 Batsakis JG, Luna MA, El-Naggar A. Histopathologic grading of salivary gland neoplasms: III. Adenoid cystic carcinomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990; 99: 1007–1009.
- 13 Seethala RR, Hunt JL, Baloch ZW, Livolsi VA, Leon Barnes E. Adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation: a report of 11 cases and a review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31: 1683–1694.
- 14 Luna MA. Pathology of tumors of the salivary glands. In: SE Thawley, WR Panje, JG Batsakis, RD Lindberg. Comprehensive management of head and neck tumors. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999. p. 1106–1146.
- 15 Batsakis JG, Luna MA. Undifferentiated carcinomas of salivary glands. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1991; 100: 82–84.
- 16 Cheuk W, Chan JK. Advances in salivary gland pathology. Histopathology 2007; 51: 1–20.
- 17 Cheuk W, Chan JK: Salivary Gland Tumors. In: CDM Fletcher, editor. Diagnostic histopathology of tumors. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier; 2007.
- 18 Ganly I, Patel SG, Coleman M, Ghossein R, Carlson D, Shah JP. Malignant minor salivary gland tumors of the larynx. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006; 132: 767–770.
- 19 Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958; 53: 457–481.
- 20
Cox DR.
Regression models and life tables—series B (methodological).
J R Stat Soc
1972;
34:
187–220.
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x Google Scholar
- 21 Tabachnik BJ, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. London: Harper & Row; 1993.
- 22 Parsons JT, Mendenhall WM, Stringer SP, Cassisi NJ, Million RR. Management of minor salivary gland carcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Physiol 1996; 35: 443–454.
- 23 Luna MA. Salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: revisited. Adv Anat Pathol 2006; 13: 293–307.
- 24 Brandwein MS, Ivanov K, Wallace DI, et al. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 80 patients with special reference to histological grading. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25: 835–845.
- 25 Carrillo JF, Vázquez R, Ramírez-Ortega MC, Cano A, Ochoa-Carrillo FJ, Oñate-Ocaña LF. Multivariate prediction of the probability of recurrence in patients with carcinoma of the parotid gland. Cancer 2007; 109: 2043–2051.
- 26 Spiro RH, Thaler HT, Hicks WF, Kher UA, Huvos AH, Strong EW. The importance of clinical staging of minor salivary gland carcinoma. Am J Surg 1991; 162: 330–336.
- 27 Beckhardt RN, Weber RS, Zane R, et al. Minor salivary gland tumors of the palate: clinical and pathologic correlates of outcome. Laryngoscope 1995; 105: 1155–1160.
- 28 Copelli C, Bianchi B, Ferrari S, Ferri A, Sesenna E. Malignant tumors of intraoral minor salivary glands. Oral Oncol 2008; 44: 658–663.
- 29 Anderson JN Jr, Beenken SW, Crowe R, et al. Prognostic factors in minor salivary gland cancer. Head Neck 1995; 17: 480–486
- 30 Bianchi B, Copelli C, Cocchi R, Ferrari S, Pederneschi N, Sesenna E. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of intraoral minor salivary glands. Oral Oncol 2008; 44: 1026–1031.
- 31 Armstrong JG, Harrison LB, Spiro RH, Fass DE, Strong EW, Fuks ZY. Malignant tumors of major salivary gland origin: a matched-pair analysis of the role of combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990; 116: 290–293.
- 32 North CA, Lee DJ, Piantadosi S, Zahurak M, Johns ME. Carcinoma of the major salivary glands treated by surgery or surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Physiol 1990; 18: 1319–1326.
- 33 Loh KS, Barker E, Bruch G, O'Sullivan B, et al. Prognostic factors in malignancy of the minor salivary glands. Head Neck 2009; 31: 58–63.
- 34
Garden AS, Weber RS, Ang KK, Morrison WH, Matre J, Peters LJ.
Postoperative radiation therapy for malignant tumors of minor salivary glands. Outcome and patterns of failure.
Cancer
1994;
73:
2563–2569.
10.1002/1097-0142(19940515)73:10<2563::AID-CNCR2820731018>3.0.CO;2-X CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 35 Terhaard CH, van der Schroeff MP, van Schie K, et al. The prognostic role of comorbidity in salivary gland carcinoma. Cancer 2008; 113: 1572–1579.
- 36 Mendenhall WM, Morris CG, Amdur RJ, Mendenhall NP, Siemann DW. Radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery for salivary gland carcinoma. Cancer 2005; 103: 2544–2550.
- 37 Cianchetti M, Sandow PS, Scarborough LD, et al. Radiation therapy for minor salivary gland carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2009; 119: 1334–1338.
Citing Literature
