Colorectal cancer susceptibility loci and influence on survival
Nan Song
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Nan Song and Kyeezu Kim contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-first authors.Search for more papers by this authorKyeezu Kim
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois
Nan Song and Kyeezu Kim contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-first authors.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Aesun Shin
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Aesun Shin and Jae Hwan Oh contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-corresponding authors.Correspondence
Aesun Shin, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
Email: [email protected]
and
Jae Hwan Oh, Center for Colorectal Cancer, Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Insandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, South Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJi Won Park
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHee Jin Chang
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorJiajun Shi
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Search for more papers by this authorQiuyin Cai
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Search for more papers by this authorDae Yong Kim
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorWei Zheng
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jae Hwan Oh
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Aesun Shin and Jae Hwan Oh contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-corresponding authors.Correspondence
Aesun Shin, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
Email: [email protected]
and
Jae Hwan Oh, Center for Colorectal Cancer, Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Insandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, South Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorNan Song
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Nan Song and Kyeezu Kim contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-first authors.Search for more papers by this authorKyeezu Kim
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois
Nan Song and Kyeezu Kim contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-first authors.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Aesun Shin
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Aesun Shin and Jae Hwan Oh contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-corresponding authors.Correspondence
Aesun Shin, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
Email: [email protected]
and
Jae Hwan Oh, Center for Colorectal Cancer, Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Insandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, South Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJi Won Park
Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHee Jin Chang
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorJiajun Shi
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Search for more papers by this authorQiuyin Cai
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Search for more papers by this authorDae Yong Kim
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorWei Zheng
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jae Hwan Oh
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
Aesun Shin and Jae Hwan Oh contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-corresponding authors.Correspondence
Aesun Shin, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
Email: [email protected]
and
Jae Hwan Oh, Center for Colorectal Cancer, Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Insandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, South Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with colorectal cancer risk. To evaluate the potential influence of colorectal cancer susceptibility SNPs on disease prognosis, we investigated whether GWAS-identified colorectal cancer risk SNPs and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) might be associated with survival among colorectal cancer patients. A total of 1374 colorectal cancer patients were recruited from the Korean National Cancer Center. For genotyping, 30 colorectal cancer-susceptibility SNPs previously identified by GWAS were selected. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate associations of these risk SNPs and PRSs with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The prognostic values were compared between genetic and nongenetic models using Harrell's c index. During the follow-up period (median: 88, 91 months for DFS and OS), 570 DFS (41.5%) and 487 OS (35.4%) events were observed. We found that 5 SNPs were significantly associated with DFS or OS among colorectal cancer patients at P < .05: rs10936599 at 3q26.2 (MYNN), rs704017 at 10q22.3 (ZMIZ1-AS1), rs11196172 at 10q25.2 (TCF7L2), rs3802842 at 11q23.1 (COLCA1-2), and rs9929218 at 16q22.1 (CDH1). The PRSs constructed using these 5 SNPs were associated with worse survival (DFS: Ptrend = .02 unweighted PRS, Ptrend = .01 weighted PRS, OS: Ptrend = 3.7 × 10−3 unweighted, Ptrend = .02 weighted PRS). Our results suggest that several colorectal cancer susceptibility SNPs might also be related to survival by influencing disease progression.
Supporting Information
Filename | Description |
---|---|
gcc22674-sup-0001-Figures.pptxPowerPoint 2007 presentation , 118.1 KB |
Supporting Information, Figure S1 Kaplan–Meier survival curves of colorectal cancer patients stratified by the number of unfavorable alleles of rs704017 and rs3802842. A, Disease-free survival. B, Overall survival Supporting Information, Figure S2. Kaplan–Meier survival curves of colorectal cancer patients stratified by the weighted polygenic risk score using rs704017 and rs3802842. A, Disease-free survival. B, Overall survival |
gcc22674-sup-0002-Tables.docxWord 2007 document , 47.8 KB |
Supporting Information, Table S1 Associations between colorectal cancer susceptibility SNPs and survival of colorectal cancer patients by genetic model Supporting Information, Table S2. Associations between colorectal cancer susceptibility SNPs and risk of colorectal cancer patients by genetic model |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
REFERENCES
- 1MacArthur J, Bowler E, Cerezo M, et al. The new NHGRI-EBI catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS catalog). Nucleic Acids Res. 2017; 45(D1): D896-D901.
- 2Peters U, Bien S, Zubair N. Genetic architecture of colorectal cancer. Gut. 2015; 64(10): 1623-1636.
- 3Yao L, Tak YG, Berman BP, Farnham PJ. Functional annotation of colon cancer risk SNPs. Nat Commun. 2014; 5: 5114.
- 4Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. Genetic events and the role of TGF beta in epithelial tumour progression. J Pathol. 1999; 187(1): 82-90.
10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199901)187:1<82::AID-PATH248>3.0.CO;2-8 CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 5Miyaki M, Iijima T, Konishi M, et al. Higher frequency of Smad4 gene mutation in human colorectal cancer with distant metastasis. Oncogene. 1999; 18: 3098-3103.
- 6Dai J, Gu J, Huang M, et al. GWAS-identified colorectal cancer susceptibility loci associated with clinical outcomes. Carcinogenesis. 2012; 33(7): 1327-1331.
- 7Noci S, Dugo M, Bertola F, et al. A subset of genetic susceptibility variants for colorectal cancer also has prognostic value. Pharmacogenomics J. 2016; 16(2): 173-179.
- 8Phipps AI, Newcomb PA, Garcia-Albeniz X, et al. Association between colorectal cancer susceptibility loci and survival time after diagnosis with colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2012; 143(1): 51-54 e54.
- 9Abuli A, Lozano JJ, Rodriguez-Soler M, et al. Genetic susceptibility variants associated with colorectal cancer prognosis. Carcinogenesis. 2013; 34(10): 2286-2291.
- 10Smith CG, Fisher D, Harris R, et al. Analyses of 7,635 patients with colorectal cancer using independent training and validation cohorts show that rs9929218 in CDH1 is a prognostic marker of survival. Clin Cancer Res. 2015; 21(15): 3453-3461.
- 11Xing J, Myers RE, He X, et al. GWAS-identified colorectal cancer susceptibility locus associates with disease prognosis. Eur J Cancer. 2011; 47(11): 1699-1707.
- 12Wang N, Lu Y, Khankari NK, et al. Evaluation of genetic variants in association with colorectal cancer risk and survival in Asians. Int J Cancer. 2017; 141(6): 1130-1139.
- 13Kang BW, Jeon HS, Chae YS, et al. Association between GWAS-identified genetic variations and disease prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0119649.
- 14Hoskins JM, Ong PS, Keku TO, et al. Association of eleven common, low-penetrance colorectal cancer susceptibility genetic variants at six risk loci with clinical outcome. PLoS One. 2012; 7(7): e41954.
- 15Sanoff HK, Renfro LA, Poonnen P, et al. Germline variation in colorectal risk loci does not influence treatment effect or survival in metastatic colorectal cancer. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4): e94727.
- 16Song N, Shin A, Park JW, Kim J, Oh JH. Common risk variants for colorectal cancer: an evaluation of associations with age at cancer onset. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 40644.
- 17Zhang B, Jia WH, Matsuda K, et al. Large-scale genetic study in east Asians identifies six new loci associated with colorectal cancer risk. Nat Genet. 2014; 46(6): 533-542.
- 18Zhang B, Jia WH, Matsuo K, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies a new SMAD7 risk variant associated with colorectal cancer risk in east Asians. Int J Cancer. 2014; 135(4): 948-955.
- 19Houlston RS, Cheadle J, Dobbins SE, et al. Meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies identifies susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer at 1q41, 3q26.2, 12q13.13 and 20q13.33. Nat Genet. 2010; 42(11): 973-977.
- 20Jia WH, Zhang B, Matsuo K, et al. Genome-wide association analyses in east Asians identify new susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer. Nat Genet. 2013; 45(2): 191-196.
- 21Cui R, Okada Y, Jang SG, et al. Common variant in 6q26-q27 is associated with distal colon cancer in an Asian population. Gut. 2011; 60(6): 799-805.
- 22Tomlinson I, Webb E, Carvajal-Carmona L, et al. A genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for colorectal cancer at 8q24.21. Nat Genet. 2007; 39(8): 984-988.
- 23Tomlinson IP, Webb E, Carvajal-Carmona L, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies colorectal cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 10p14 and 8q23.3. Nat Genet. 2008; 40(5): 623-630.
- 24Tenesa A, Farrington SM, Prendergast JG, et al. Genome-wide association scan identifies a colorectal cancer susceptibility locus on 11q23 and replicates risk loci at 8q24 and 18q21. Nat Genet. 2008; 40(5): 631-637.
- 25Peters U, Hutter CM, Hsu L, et al. Meta-analysis of new genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer risk. Hum Genet. 2012; 131(2): 217-234.
- 26Broderick P, Carvajal-Carmona L, Pittman AM, et al. A genome-wide association study shows that common alleles of SMAD7 influence colorectal cancer risk. Nat Genet. 2007; 39(11): 1315-1317.
- 27Song N, Shin A, Jung HS, Oh JH, Kim J. Effects of interactions between common genetic variants and smoking on colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2017; 17(1): 869.
- 28Peltekova VD, Lemire M, Qazi AM, et al. Identification of genes expressed by immune cells of the colon that are regulated by colorectal cancer-associated variants. Int J Cancer. 2014; 134(10): 2330-2341.
- 29Singh T, Levine AP, Smith PJ, Smith AM, Segal AW, Barrett JC. Characterization of expression quantitative trait loci in the human colon. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015; 21(2): 251-256.
- 30Hulur I, Gamazon ER, Skol AD, et al. Enrichment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer risk variants in colon expression quantitative trait loci. BMC Genomics. 2015; 16(1): 138.
- 31Galon J, Costes A, Sanchez-Cabo F, et al. Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science. 2006; 313(5795): 1960-1964.
- 32Study C, Houlston RS, Webb E, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies four new susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer. Nat Genet. 2008; 40(12): 1426-1435.
- 33Tenesa A, Theodoratou E, Din FV, et al. Ten common genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer risk are not associated with survival after diagnosis. Clin Cancer Res. 2010; 16(14): 3754-3759.
- 34Takeichi M. Cadherin cell adhesion receptors as a morphogenetic regulator. Science. 1991; 251(5000): 1451-1455.
- 35Han P, Liu G, Lu X, et al. CDH1 rs9929218 variant at 16q22.1 contributes to colorectal cancer susceptibility. Oncotarget. 2016; 7(30): 47278-47286.
- 36Kim SA, Inamura K, Yamauchi M, et al. Loss of CDH1 (E-cadherin) expression is associated with infiltrative tumour growth and lymph node metastasis. Br J Cancer. 2016; 114(2): 199-206.
- 37Risch N, Burchard E, Ziv E, Tang H. Categorization of humans in biomedical research: genes, race and disease. Genome Biol 2002; 3(7):comment 2007:1-12.
- 38Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field. Gut. 2011; 60(3): 397-411.
- 39Alazzouzi H, Alhopuro P, Salovaara R, et al. SMAD4 as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005; 11(7): 2606-2611.
- 40Rivlin N, Brosh R, Oren M, Rotter V. Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: important milestones at the various steps of tumorigenesis. Genes Cancer. 2011; 2(4): 466-474.
- 41Angus-Hill ML, Elbert KM, Hidalgo J, Capecchi MR. T-cell factor 4 functions as a tumor suppressor whose disruption modulates colon cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011; 108(12): 4914-4919.
- 42Benjamin DJ, Berger JO, Johannesson M, et al. Redefine statistical significance. Nat Hum Behav. 2018; 2(1): 6-10.