Full Paper
Assessment of Solar-to-Fuels Strategies: Photocatalysis and Electrocatalytic Reduction
Jeffrey A. Herron,
Prof. Christos T. Maravelias,
Jeffrey A. Herron
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USA), Fax: (+1) 608-262-5494
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Christos T. Maravelias
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USA), Fax: (+1) 608-262-5494
Search for more papers by this authorJeffrey A. Herron,
Prof. Christos T. Maravelias,
Jeffrey A. Herron
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USA), Fax: (+1) 608-262-5494
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Christos T. Maravelias
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USA), Fax: (+1) 608-262-5494
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The production of fuels in a solar refinery by the nonbiological conversion of CO2 and water is a potential sustainable solution to meet our future energy needs. We develop a general process model for a solar refinery that allows us to assess the energetic and economic feasibility of a specific process. We demonstrate the utility of this model by analyzing two specific cases: 1) the photocatalytic conversion and 2) the photovoltaic-powered electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to yield a methanol product. From the analysis, we posit specific catalytic, reaction engineering, process engineering, and solar utilities targets to compete with industrial methanol production. For the photocatalytic process, the most important challenge is to improve the solar-to-fuels efficiency to at least 15 %, whereas for the electrocatalytic reduction process, even with much improved current density, cell potential, and reaction selectivity, the process will be ultimately limited by the price of solar (or other renewable) electricity.
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