Special Issue Paper
Providing QoS strategies and cloud-integration to web servers by means of aspects
Rosario Giunta,
Fabrizio Messina,
Giuseppe Pappalardo,
Emiliano Tramontana,
Rosario Giunta
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Catania, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorFabrizio Messina
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Catania, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorGiuseppe Pappalardo
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Catania, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Emiliano Tramontana
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Catania, Italy
Correspondence to: Emiliano Tramontana, Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania I-95125, Italy.
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorRosario Giunta,
Fabrizio Messina,
Giuseppe Pappalardo,
Emiliano Tramontana,
Rosario Giunta
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Catania, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorFabrizio Messina
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Catania, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorGiuseppe Pappalardo
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Catania, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Emiliano Tramontana
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Catania, Italy
Correspondence to: Emiliano Tramontana, Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania I-95125, Italy.
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
The main responsibilities of a web server are to listen from the communication channel and to prepare replies to requests. Additional responsibilities include adapting processing activities, for example, through scheduling or request filtering, so as to satisfy Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Typical QoS-related concerns address behavioural constraints (e.g. response time bounds, satisfiable by scheduling the most urgent requests first) and resource monitoring, for optimal use. Although such concerns are spread across several web server components, they should be handled separately from communication-related ones, for the sake of modularity.
For this purpose, we advocate recourse to aspect-oriented programming and illustrate it by showing how a QoS-related layer can be smoothly superimposed on top of a well-known, unmodified, web server Jigsaw. As part of the provided support, requests are assessed and partitioned into those that can be appropriately handled by using local resources and those needing further resources. For the latter requests, cloud-based resources are gathered. Aspect-orientation enables new QoS-related code to be separated from web server modules so as to keep existing code unaltered, while runtime behaviour is modified with the measures needed to handle QoS concerns. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
References
- 1 Dobson G, Sanchez-Macian A. Towards unified QoS/SLA ontologies. In Proceedings of Services Computing Workshops (SCW). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2006; 169–174, DOI: 10.1109/SCW.2006.40.
- 2 Chieu T, Mohindra A, Karve A, Segal A. Dynamic scaling of web applications in a virtualized cloud computing environment. In Proceedings of International Conference on E-Business Engineering (ICEBE). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2009; 281–286, DOI: 10.1109/ICEBE.2009.45.
- 3 Guitart J, Torres J, Ayguadé E. A survey on performance management for internet applications. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 2009; 22(1): 68–106. DOI: 10.1002/cpe.1470.
- 4
Ortiz G,
Bordbar B. Aspect-oriented quality of service for web services: a model-driven approach. In Proceedings of International Conference on Web Services (ICWS). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2009; 559–566, DOI: 10.1109/ICWS.2009.20.
10.1109/ICWS.2009.20 Google Scholar
- 5 Bhatti N, Friedrich R. Web server support for tiered services. IEEE Network 1999; 13(5): 64–71. DOI: 10.1109/65.793694.
- 6 Xu C, Liu B, Wei J. Model predictive feedback control for QoS assurance in webservers. IEEE Computer 2008; 41(3): 66–72. DOI: 10.1109/MC.2008.93.
- 7 Buchbinder P. mod_qos, 2012. (Available from: http://opensource.adnovum.ch/mod\_qos) [accessed on 10 October 2012].
- 8 Kiczales G, Lamping J, Mendhekar A, Maeda C, Lopes C, Loingtier J, Irwin J. Aspect-oriented programming. In Proceedings of European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP), Vol. 1241, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer: Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 1997; 220–242, DOI: 10.1007/BFb0053381.
- 9
Hassan A,
Holt R. A reference architecture for web servers. In Proceedings of Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2000; 150–159, DOI: 10.1109/WCRE.2000.891462.
10.1109/WCRE.2000.891462 Google Scholar
- 10 Nurmi D, Wolski R, Grzegorczyk C, Obertelli G, Soman S, Youseff L, Zagorodnov D. The eucalyptus open-source cloud-computing system. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGRID). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2009; 124–131, DOI: 10.1109/CCGRID.2009.93.
- 11 O'Reilly T. What is web 2.0: design patterns and business models for the next generation of software, 2005. (Available from: http://www.oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html) [accessed on 10 October 2012].
- 12 Garrett J. Ajax: a new approach to web applications, 2005. (Available from: http://www.adaptivepath.com/ideas/ajax-new-approach-web-applications) [accessed on 10 October 2012].
- 13
Delgrossi L,
Halstrick C,
Hehmann D,
Herrtwich R,
Krone O,
Sandvoss J,
Vogt C. Media scaling for audiovisual communication with the Heidelberg transport system. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia. ACM: New York, NY, 1993; 99–104, DOI: 10.1145/166266.166277.
10.1145/166266.166277 Google Scholar
- 14
Novelli G,
Pappalardo G,
Santoro C,
Tramontana E. A grid-based infrastructure to support multimedia content distribution. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Use of P2P, Grid and Agents for the Development of Content Networks (UPGRADE-CN). ACM: New York, NY, 2007; 57–64, DOI: 10.1145/1272980.1272983.
10.1145/1272980.1272983 Google Scholar
- 15 Giunta R, Messina F, Pappalardo G, Tramontana E. Analysing the performances of grid services handling job submission. In Proceedings of Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2009; 207–212, DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2009.53.
- 16 Dilley J, Friedrich R, Jin T, Rolia J. Web server performance measurement and modeling techniques. Performance Evaluation 1998; 33(1): 5–26. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-5316(98)00008-X.
- 17 Di Stefano A, Lo Bello L, Tramontana E. Factors affecting the design of load balancing algorithms in distributed systems. Journal of Systems and Software 1999; 48(2): 105–117. DOI: 10.1016/S0164-1212(99)00050-3.
- 18 Di Stefano A, Tramontana E, Zito D. Strategies for reserving resources on a grid environment. In Proceedings of Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2006; 207–213, DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2006.63.
- 19 Armbrust M, Fox A, Griffith R, Joseph A, Katz R, Konwinski A, Lee G, Patterson DA, Rabkin A, Stoica I, Zaharia M. A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM 2010; 53(4): 50–58. DOI: 10.1145/1721654.1721672.
- 20 Laddad R. AspectJ in Action. Manning Publications Co.: Grennwich, Conn., 2003.
- 21 Giunta R, Pappalardo G, Tramontana E. Handling replica management concerns by means of aspects. In Proceedings of Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2007; 284–289, DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2007.4407172.
- 22 Giunta R, Messina F, Pappalardo G, Tramontana E. Augmenting a web server with QoS by means of an aspect-oriented architecture. In Proceedings of Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2012; 179–184, DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2012.105.
- 23
Giunta R,
Pappalardo G,
Tramontana E. Aspects and annotations for controlling the roles application classes play for design patterns. In Proceedings of Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2011; 306–314, DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.2011.53.
10.1109/APSEC.2011.53 Google Scholar
- 24
Giunta R,
Pappalardo G,
Tramontana E. AODP: refactoring code to provide advanced aspect-oriented modularization of design patterns. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC). ACM: New York, NY, 2012; 1243–1250, DOI: 10.1145/2231936.2231971.
10.1145/2231936.2231971 Google Scholar
- 25 Messina F, Pappalardo G, Tramontana E. Shic: a service-aware, high-level communication infrastructure supporting integration with the grid. In Proceedings of Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2005; 277–283, DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2005.53.
- 26 Di Stefano A, Fargetta M, Pappalardo G, Tramontana E. Supporting resource reservation and allocation for unaware applications in grid systems. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 2006; 18(8): 851–863. DOI: 10.1002/cpe.980.
- 27 Messina F, Pappalardo G, Tramontana E. Design and evaluation of a high-level grid communication infrastructure. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 2007; 19(9): 1299–1316. DOI: 10.1002/cpe.1104.
- 28
Bannò F,
Marletta D,
Pappalardo G,
Tramontana E. Tackling consistency issues for runtime updating distributed systems. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing, Workshops and PhD Forum (IPDPSW). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2010; 1–8, DOI: 10.1109/IPDPSW.2010.5470863.
10.1109/IPDPSW.2010.5470863 Google Scholar
- 29 Abdelzaher T, Bhatti N. Web server QoS management by adaptive content delivery. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQOS). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 1999; 216–225, DOI: 10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766497.
- 30 Abdelzaher T, Shin K, Bhatti N. Performance guarantees for web server end-systems: a control-theoretical approach. Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 2002; 13(1): 80–96. DOI: 10.1109/71.980028.
- 31 Tambe S, Dabholkar A, Gokhale A. CQML: aspect-oriented modeling for modularizing and weaving QoS concerns in component-based systems. In Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2009; 11–20, DOI: 10.1109/ECBS.2009.24.
- 32
Loyall J,
Bakken D,
Schantz R,
Zinky J,
Karr D,
Vanegas R,
Anderson KR. QoS aspect languages and their runtime integration. In Selected Papers from the International Workshop on Languages, Compilers, and Run-Time Systems for Scalable Computers, LCR. Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 1998; 303–318, DOI: 10.1007/3-540-49530-4_22.
10.1007/3-540-49530-4_22 Google Scholar
- 33 Ren Y, Bakken D, Courtney T, Cukier M, Karr D, Rubel P, Sabnis C, Sanders W, Schantz R, Seri M. AQuA: an adaptive architecture that provides dependable distributed objects. IEEE Transactions on Computers 2003; 52(1): 31–50. DOI: 10.1109/TC.2003.1159752.
- 34 Loyall J, Schantz R, Zinky J, Bakken D. Specifying and measuring quality of service in distributed object systems. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 1998; 43–52, DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.1998.666767.
- 35
Giunta R,
Messina F,
Pappalardo G,
Toscano L,
Tramontana E. Testing replica selection policies in a Pan-European grid VO. In Proceedings of Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2008; 210–215, DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2008.48.
10.1109/WETICE.2008.48 Google Scholar
- 36 Felber P, Kaldewey T, Weiss S. Proactive hot spot avoidance for web server dependability. In Proceedings of Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems. IEEE: Los Alamitos, CA, 2004; 309–318, DOI: 10.1109/RELDIS.2004.1353031.
- 37 Morana G, Mikkilineni R. Scaling and self-repair of linux based services using a novel distributed computing model exploiting parallelism. In Proceedings of Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE, 2011; 98–103, DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2011.18.
- 38
Mikkilineni R,
Morana G,
Zito D,
Di Sano M. Service virtualization using a non-von Neumann parallel, distributed, and scalable computing model. Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2012; 2012: 1–10. DOI: 10.1155/2012/604018.
10.1155/2012/604018 Google Scholar
