Geographical discrimination of fresh instant rice according to non-destructive analysis of flavor profiles
Xin Ren and Sixuan Li contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.
Abstract
Background and Objectives
The eating quality of fresh instant rice differ significantly owing to its geographical origins. However, the method of geographical discrimination is still lacking. In this study, the determination of flavor profiles and multivariate statistical analysis have been applied for discriminating the geographical origins of 18 fresh instant rice from three provinces in Northeast China.
Findings
The principal component analysis (PCA) of electronic nose (E-nose) data could rapidly distinguish the samples from three different provinces. The solid phase microextraction-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (SPME-GC-MS) results of samples from different provinces were clearly distinguished in PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model showed good discriminating ability (R2 = 0.894, Q2 = 0.845, and accuracy = 1.0). Nonanal, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 2-pentylfuran, indole, pentadecane, 2-pentadecanone, trans-farnesol, isopropyl palmitate, and farnesyl acetone were identified as 10 marker compounds. Moreover, their good discrimination was verified in an additional nine samples.
Conclusions
The strategy of applying flavor profiles for discriminating the geographical origin of fresh instant rice has been proven to be an efficient and non-destructive method.
Significance and Novelty
Our study is helpful to control the quality of fresh instant rice and provides a methodological reference for the geographical discrimination of foods.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
