CO2 angiography
Philip R. Huber MD
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorMark E. Leimbach MD
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
The Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Crawford Long Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
The Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorW. Lance Lewis MD
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
J. Jeffrey Marshall MD
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
The Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Crawford Long Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
The Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia
Georgia Cardiac and Vascular Research Institute, 1200 Hamilton Place, Gainesville, GA 30501Search for more papers by this authorPhilip R. Huber MD
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorMark E. Leimbach MD
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
The Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Crawford Long Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
The Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorW. Lance Lewis MD
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
J. Jeffrey Marshall MD
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
The Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Crawford Long Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
The Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia
Georgia Cardiac and Vascular Research Institute, 1200 Hamilton Place, Gainesville, GA 30501Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Iodinated contrast agents are routinely used in procedures to diagnose and treat peripheral vascular disease. Despite the development of low-osmolar contrast agents and premedication techniques, these agents are still associated with contrast-induced nephropathy and allergic reactions in some individuals. To overcome these problems, carbon dioxide angiography has been developed as an alternative to standard iodinated contrast angiography in certain patient populations. The technology of digital subtraction angiography has greatly improved the image quality of CO2 angiography. Understanding the unique properties of CO2, the techniques for its use, and its associated limitations and complications will allow interventional cardiologists to expand their treatments of atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:398–403. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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