Breaking Down the Barriers to a Natural Antiviral Agent: Antiviral Activity and Molecular Docking of Erythrina speciosa Extract, Fractions, and the Major Compound
Nouran M. Fahmy
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Both authors equally contributed to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorEman Al-Sayed
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Both authors equally contributed to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorSaad Moghannem
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Cairo, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Faizul Azam
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51911 Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mohamed El-Shazly
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Abdel Nasser Singab
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorNouran M. Fahmy
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Both authors equally contributed to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorEman Al-Sayed
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Both authors equally contributed to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorSaad Moghannem
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Cairo, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Faizul Azam
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51911 Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mohamed El-Shazly
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Abdel Nasser Singab
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The in vitro cytotoxic activity in Vero cells and the antiviral activity of Erythrina speciosa methanol extract, fractions, and isolated vitexin were studied. The results revealed that E. speciosa leaves ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract (ESLE) was the most active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Bioactivity-guided fractionation was performed on ESLE to isolate the bioactive compounds responsible for this activity. One sub-fraction from ESLE (ESLE IV) showed the highest activity against HSV-1 and Hepatitis A HAV-H10 viruses. Vitexin isolated from ESLE VI exhibited a significant antiviral activity (EC50=35±2.7 and 18±3.3 μg/mL against HAV-H10 and HSV-1 virus, respectively), which was notably greater than the activity of the extract and the fractions. Molecular docking studies were carried out to explore the molecular interactions of vitexin with different macromolecular targets. Analysis of the in silico data together with the in vitro studies validated the antiviral activity associated with vitexin. These outcomes indicated that vitexin is a potential candidate to be utilized commendably in lead optimization for the development of antiviral agents.
Graphical Abstract
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