Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam Composites Based on Piperazine Pyrophosphate/Steel Slag: A New Strategy for Utilizing Metallurgical Solid Waste
Xiuyu Liu
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, China
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Resources (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCunlong Fu
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, China
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorFeilong Wang
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, China
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorYuan Fang
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Supervision (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gang Tang
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Correspondence:
Gang Tang ([email protected])
Dan Deng ([email protected])
Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dan Deng
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
Correspondence:
Gang Tang ([email protected])
Dan Deng ([email protected])
Contribution: Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Supervision (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorKang Dai
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorXiuyu Liu
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, China
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Resources (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCunlong Fu
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, China
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorFeilong Wang
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, China
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorYuan Fang
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Supervision (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gang Tang
School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma 'an Shan, China
Correspondence:
Gang Tang ([email protected])
Dan Deng ([email protected])
Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dan Deng
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
Correspondence:
Gang Tang ([email protected])
Dan Deng ([email protected])
Contribution: Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Supervision (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorKang Dai
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorFunding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (No. 22075053), Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province (No. 2022i01020005), the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province (No. GXXT-2023-061), Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials (No. KF-202307), and the Anhui Provincial Nature Science Foundation (No. 2108085ME178).
ABSTRACT
In this work, piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and metallurgical solid steel slag (SS) are used to fabricate flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites through a one-step all-water foaming technology. The thermal stability, combustion properties, and flame retardancy of the PAPP/SS composite were investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, cone calorimetry, limiting oxygen index testing (LOI), and UL-94 vertical burn testing. RPUF-3 showed a char residue of 28.6 wt% at 750°C compared with 24.9 wt% of the pure sample, indicating better thermal stability of the FRPRUF composites. RPUF-3 possessed an LOI of 21.5 vol% and achieved a V-0 level in the UL-94 test. Cone calorimetry displayed the peak heat release rate and fire growth rate index of RPUF-3 were decreased by 12.66% and 41.6%, respectively, compared with those of pure RPUF. PAPP/SS incorporation led to the formation of compact char layer structures during combustion. Pyrophosphoric acid, generated from the decomposition of PAPP, promotes the formation of esters, ethers, and alcohols, whereas metal oxides in SS enhance the compactness of the char layer. This enhanced structural integrity obstructs mass and heat transmission in the combustion zone, effectively improving condensed-phase flame retardancy. This approach offers a novel strategy for the fabrication of high-performance RPUF composites and the high-value utilization of SS.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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