RESEARCH ARTICLE

Preparation of thermally stable and flame-retardant sugarcane bagasse-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate/epoxy composites and their performance

Shang-Hao Liu

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University Science and Technology (Yun Tech), Douliou, Taiwan, ROC

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal)

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Chen-Feng Kuan,

Chen-Feng Kuan

Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal)

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Cing-Yu Ke,

Cing-Yu Ke

Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Investigation (supporting)

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Ming-Yuan Shen,

Corresponding Author

Ming-Yuan Shen

[email protected]

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

Academy of Circular Economy, National Chung Hsing University, Nantou, Taiwan, ROC

Correspondence

Ming-Yuan Shen, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Road, Taiping District, Taichung 411030, Taiwan, ROC.

Email: [email protected]

Chin-Lung Chiang, Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Road, Taiping District, Taichung 411030, Taiwan, ROC.

Email: [email protected]

Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal)

Search for more papers by this author

Chin-Lung Chiang,

Corresponding Author

Chin-Lung Chiang

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-0101

Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

Correspondence

Ming-Yuan Shen, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Road, Taiping District, Taichung 411030, Taiwan, ROC.

Email: [email protected]

Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Funding acquisition (lead), Investigation (lead), Project administration (lead), Supervision (lead), Validation (lead), Writing - original draft (lead)

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Shang-Hao Liu,

Shang-Hao Liu

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University Science and Technology (Yun Tech), Douliou, Taiwan, ROC

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal)

Search for more papers by this author

Chen-Feng Kuan,

Chen-Feng Kuan

Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal)

Search for more papers by this author

Cing-Yu Ke,

Cing-Yu Ke

Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Investigation (supporting)

Search for more papers by this author

Ming-Yuan Shen,

Corresponding Author

Ming-Yuan Shen

[email protected]

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

Academy of Circular Economy, National Chung Hsing University, Nantou, Taiwan, ROC

Correspondence

Ming-Yuan Shen, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Road, Taiping District, Taichung 411030, Taiwan, ROC.

Email: [email protected]

Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal)

Search for more papers by this author

Chin-Lung Chiang,

Corresponding Author

Chin-Lung Chiang

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-0101

Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

Correspondence

Ming-Yuan Shen, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Road, Taiping District, Taichung 411030, Taiwan, ROC.

Email: [email protected]

Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Funding acquisition (lead), Investigation (lead), Project administration (lead), Supervision (lead), Validation (lead), Writing - original draft (lead)

Search for more papers by this author

First published: 26 January 2024

https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55201

Citations: 1

Shang-Hao Liu, the first author of this article, passed away on October 3, 2023, at the age of 37. We would like to thank him for his contribution through the publication of this paper. May he R.I.P. !!

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Abstract

Epoxy resin was often applied in fiber-reinforced composite materials, adhesives, and encapsulation materials. However, epoxy was easily flammable and limited its usage in certain applications. The study recycled and reused agricultural waste sugarcane bagasse to prepare a halogen-free bio-based intumescent flame retardant and then mixed with epoxy resin to prepare a composite containing polymer with improved thermal properties and flame retardancy of the materials. The work followed the concept of circular economy and sustainability. Bagasse-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) flame retardant was added to an epoxy resin to prepare epoxy/bagasse-ADP composites, an effective flame-retarding composite material through hydrothermal method. Adding bagasse-ADP increased the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composite materials compared with that of pure epoxy. For the material with 30 wt% added bagasse-ADP, the char yield was 32.3 wt%, which was 18.2 wt% higher than that of pure epoxy (14.1 wt%) through thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% to 30%, and the UL-94 classification improved from “Fail” to “V-0.” This performance was attributed to the nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon content of the flame retardant.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Open Research

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Volume141, Issue14

10 April 2024

e55201

Preparation of thermally stable and flame-retardant sugarcane bagasse-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate/epoxy composites and their performance

Abstract

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

Open Research

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

REFERENCES

Citing Literature

References

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Preparation of thermally stable and flame-retardant sugarcane bagasse-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate/epoxy composites and their performance

Abstract

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

Open Research

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

REFERENCES

Citing Literature

References

Related

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