Inverted emulsion polymerization route to polyaniline-3D nanofiber network using sulfonated-p-cresol as novel dopant
Chandrasekar Saravanan
Division of Organic Coatings and Polymers, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Srinivasan Palaniappan
Division of Organic Coatings and Polymers, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Division of Organic Coatings and Polymers, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India===Search for more papers by this authorValaboju Akhila
Division of Organic Coatings and Polymers, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Search for more papers by this authorSunkara Sakunthala Madhavendra
Electronmicroscopy Center, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Search for more papers by this authorPrakriti Ranjan Bangal
Electronmicroscopy Center, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Search for more papers by this authorChandrasekar Saravanan
Division of Organic Coatings and Polymers, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Srinivasan Palaniappan
Division of Organic Coatings and Polymers, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Division of Organic Coatings and Polymers, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India===Search for more papers by this authorValaboju Akhila
Division of Organic Coatings and Polymers, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Search for more papers by this authorSunkara Sakunthala Madhavendra
Electronmicroscopy Center, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Search for more papers by this authorPrakriti Ranjan Bangal
Electronmicroscopy Center, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Sulfonated-p-cresol (SPC) was used as novel dopant for the first time in the synthesis of polyaniline in 3D nanofiber networks (PANI-3D). Polyaniline in 3D nanofiber network was prepared using organic solvent soluble benzoyl peroxide as oxidizing agent in presence of SPC and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) surfactant via inverted emulsion polymerization pathway. The influence of synthesis conditions such as the concentration of the reactants, stirring/static condition, and temperature etc., on the properties and formation of polyaniline nanofiber network were investigated. Polyaniline in 3D nanofiber network with 40–160 nm (diameter), high yield (134 wt % with respect to aniline used), and reasonably good conductivity (0.1 S/cm) was obtained in 24 h time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
References
- 1 Snow, E. S.; Perkins, F. K.; Robinson, J. A. Chem Soc Rev 2006, 35, 790.
- 2 Huang, Z.-M.; Zhang, Y.-Z.; Kotaki, M.; Ramakrishna, S. Comp Sci Tech 2003, 63, 2223.
- 3 Li, Y.; Qian, F.; Xiang, J.; Lieber, C. M. Mater Today 2006, 9, 18.
- 4 Wan, M. In Conducting Polymer Nanofibers in Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; H. S. Nalwa Ed.; American Scientific Publishers: Los Angeles, 2004; Vol. 2, p 153.
- 5 Kugler, T.; Logdlund, M.; Salaneck, W. R. Acc Chem Res 1999, 32, 225.
- 6 Argun, A. A.; Aubert, P. H.; Thompson, B. C.; Schwendeman, I.; Gaupp, C. L.; Hwang, J. N.; Pinto, J.; Tanner, D. B.; MacDiarmid, A. G.; Reynolds, J. R. Chem Mater 2004, 16, 4401.
- 7 Nicolas-Debarnot, D.; Poncin-Epaillard, F. Anal Chim Acta 2003, 475, 1.
- 8 Huang, J.; Virji, S.; Weiller, B. H.; Kaner, R. B. Chem Eur J 2004, 10, 1314.
- 9 Huang, S. C.; Ball, I. J.; Kaner, R. B. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 5456.
- 10 Trivedi, D. C.; Dhawan, S. K. J Mater Chem 1992, 2, 1091.
- 11 Stejskal, J.; Kratochvil, P.; Armes, S. P.; Lascelles, S. F.; Riede, A.; Helmstedt, M.; Prokes, J.; Krivka, I. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 6814.
- 12 Machado, D. S.; Moraes, S. R.; Motheo, A. J. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 2006, 447, 215.
- 13 Liu, H.; Hu, X. B.; Wang, J. Y.; Boughton, R. I. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 9414.
- 14 Qiu, H.; Zhai, J.; Li, S.; Jiang, L.; Wan, M. Adv Funct Mater 2003, 13, 925.
- 15 Liu, J.; Lin, Y.; Liang, L.; Voigt, J. A.; Huber, D. L.; Tian, Z. R.; Coker, E.; Mckenzie, B.; Mcdermott, M. J. Chem Eur J 2003, 9, 604.
- 16 Carswell, A. D. W.; O'Rear, E. A.; Grady, B. P. J Am Chem Soc 2003, 125, 14793.
- 17 Wei, Z.; Zhang, L.; Yu, M.; Yang, Y.; Wan, M. Adv Mater 2003, 15, 1382.
- 18 Li, W.; Wang, H.-L. J Am Chem Soc 2004, 126, 2278.
- 19 Wu, C. G.; Bein, T. Science 1994, 264, 1757.
- 20 Martin, C. R. Chem Mater 1996, 8, 1739.
- 21 Martin, C. R. Science 1994, 266, 1961.
- 22 Huang, L.; Wang, Z.; Wang, H.; Cheng, X.; Mitra, A.; Yan, Y. J Mater Chem 2002, 12, 388.
- 23 Wei, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Wan, M. Langmuir 2002, 18, 917.
- 24 Yu, Y.; Che, B.; Si, Z.; Li, L.; Chen, W.; Xue, G. Synth Met 2005, 150, 271.
- 25 Zhang, X.; Goux, W. J.; Manohar, S. K. J Am Chem Soc 2004, 126, 4502.
- 26 Wan, M.; Wei, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, L.; Huang, K.; Yang, Y. Synth Met 2003, 135, 175.
- 27 Chiou, N. R.; Epstein, A. J. Adv Mater 2005, 17, 1679.
- 28 Pillalamarri, S. K.; Blum, F. D.; Tokuhiro, A. T.; Story, J. G.; Bertino, M. F. Chem Mater 2005, 17, 227.
- 29 Huang, J.; Kaner, R. B. Angew Chem Int Ed 2004, 43, 5817.
- 30 Huang, J.; Kaner, R. B. J Am Chem Soc 2004, 126, 851.
- 31 Sawall, D. D.; Villahermosa, R. M.; Lipeles, R. A.; Hopkins, A. R. Chem Mater 2004, 16, 1606.
- 32 Norris, I. D.; Shaker, M. M.; Ko, F. K.; MacDiarmid, A. G. Synth Met 2000, 114, 109.
- 33 Zhou, Y.; Freitag, M.; Hone, J.; Staii, C.; Johnson, A. T.; Pinto, N. J.; MacDiarmid, A. G. Appl Phys Lett 2003, 83, 3800.
- 34 Zhang, L.; Wan, M.; Wei, Y. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006, 27, 366.
- 35 Huang, K.; Wan, M. Chem Mater 2002, 14, 3486.
- 36 Zhang, S.; Kan, S.; Kan, J. J Appl Poly Sci 2006, 100, 946.
- 37 Zhang, Z.; Wan, M.; Wei, Y. Adv Funct Mater 2006, 16, 1100.
- 38 Feng, X.; Yang, G.; Xu, Q.; Hou, W.; Zhu, J.-J. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006, 27, 31.
- 39 Saravanan, C.; Shekhar, R. C.; Palaniappan, S. Macromol Chem Phys 2006, 207, 342.
- 40 Can,. M.; Ozaslan, H.; Isildak, O.; Pekmez, N. O.; Yildiz, A. Polymer 2004, 45, 7011.
- 41 Palaniappan, S.; Devi, S. L. Polym Degrad Stab 2006, 91, 2415.
- 42 Pouget, J. P.; Jozefowicz, M. E.; Epstein, A. J.; Tang, X.; MacDiarmid, A. G. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 779.
- 43 He, C.; Tan, Y.; Li, Y. J. Appl Polym Sci 2003, 87, 1537.
- 44 Dufour, B.; Rannou, P.; Fedorko, P.; Djurado, D.; Travers, J.-P.; Pron, A. Chem Mater 2001, 13, 4032.
- 45 Li, G.; Wang, Z.; Xie, G.; Peng, H.; Zhang, Z. J Disp Sci Technol 2006, 27, 991.
Citing Literature
