Pulse Electrolysis Turns on CO2 Methanation through N-Confused Cupric Porphyrin
Wei Hua
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
These contributed equally: Wei Hua, Tingting Liu, Zhangyi Zheng.
Search for more papers by this authorTingting Liu
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
These contributed equally: Wei Hua, Tingting Liu, Zhangyi Zheng.
Search for more papers by this authorZhangyi Zheng
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
These contributed equally: Wei Hua, Tingting Liu, Zhangyi Zheng.
Search for more papers by this authorHuihong Yuan
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorLong Xiao
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorKun Feng
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jingshu Hui
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhao Deng
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorMutian Ma
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorJian Cheng
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorDaqi Song
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorFenglei Lyu
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorJun Zhong
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yang Peng
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorWei Hua
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
These contributed equally: Wei Hua, Tingting Liu, Zhangyi Zheng.
Search for more papers by this authorTingting Liu
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
These contributed equally: Wei Hua, Tingting Liu, Zhangyi Zheng.
Search for more papers by this authorZhangyi Zheng
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
These contributed equally: Wei Hua, Tingting Liu, Zhangyi Zheng.
Search for more papers by this authorHuihong Yuan
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorLong Xiao
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorKun Feng
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jingshu Hui
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhao Deng
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorMutian Ma
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorJian Cheng
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorDaqi Song
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorFenglei Lyu
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorJun Zhong
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yang Peng
Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Breaking the D4h symmetry in the square-planar M−N4 configuration of macrocycle molecular catalysts has witnessed enhanced electrocatalytic activity, but at the expense of electrochemical stability. Herein, we hypothesize that the lability of the active Cu−N3 motifs in the N-confused copper (II) tetraphenylporphyrin (CuNCP) could be overcome by applying pulsed potential electrolysis (PPE) during electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. We find that applying PPE can indeed enhance the CH4 selectivity on CuNCP by 3 folds to reach the partial current density of 170 mA cm−2 at >60 % Faradaic efficiency (FE) in flow cell. However, combined ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), infrared (IR), Raman, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) characterizations reveal that, in a prolonged time scale, the decomplexation of CuNCP is unavoidable, and the promoted water dissociation under high anodic bias with lowered pH and enriched protons facilitates successive hydrogenation of *CO on the irreversibly reduced Cu nanoparticles, leading to the improved CH4 selectivity. As a key note, this study signifies the adaption of electrolytic protocol to the catalyst structure for tailoring local chemical environment towards efficient CO2 reduction.
Conflict of interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material of this article.
Supporting Information
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| ange202315922-sup-0001-misc_information.pdf2.6 MB | Supporting Information |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1
- 1aD. Song, Y. Lian, M. Wang, Y. Su, F. Lyu, Z. Deng, Y. Peng, eScience 2023, 3, 100097;
- 1bH. Mistry, A. S. Varela, S. Kühl, P. Strasser, B. R. Cuenya, Nat. Rev. Mater. 2016, 1, 16009;
- 1cG. A. Olah, G. K. Prakash, A. Goeppert, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 12881–12898.
- 2
- 2aP. De Luna, C. Hahn, D. Higgins, S. A. Jaffer, T. F. Jaramillo, E. H. Sargent, Science 2019, 364, eaav3506;
- 2bG. Wang, J. Chen, Y. Ding, P. Cai, L. Yi, Y. Li, C. Tu, Y. Hou, Z. Wen, L. Dai, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021, 50, 4993–5061;
- 2cF. Lyu, W. Hua, H. Wu, H. Sun, Z. Deng, Y. Peng, Chin. J. Catal. 2022, 43, 1417–1432.
- 3
- 3aY. Wang, H. Su, Y. He, L. Li, S. Zhu, H. Shen, P. Xie, X. Fu, G. Zhou, C. Feng, D. Zhao, F. Xiao, X. Zhu, Y. Zeng, M. Shao, S. Chen, G. Wu, J. Zeng, C. Wang, Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 12217–12314;
- 3bC. F. Wen, F. Mao, Y. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, H. Q. Fu, L. R. Zheng, P. F. Liu, H. G. Yang, ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 1086–1093;
- 3cD. D. Zhu, J. L. Liu, S. Z. Qiao, Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 3423–3452.
- 4
- 4aW. Hua, H. Sun, L. Lin, Q. Mu, B. Yang, Y. Su, H. Wu, F. Lyu, J. Zhong, Z. Deng, Y. Peng, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 446, 137296;
- 4bM. Wang, L. Lin, Z. Y. Zheng, Z. Y. Jiao, W. Hua, G. W. Wang, X. X. Ke, Y. B. Lian, F. Lyu, J. Zhong, Z. Deng, Y. Peng, Energy Environ. Sci. 2023, 16, 4423–4431;
- 4cF. Lyu, B. Y. Ma, X. L. Xie, D. Q. Song, Y. B. Lian, H. Yang, W. Hua, H. Sun, J. Zhong, Z. Deng, T. Cheng, Y. Peng, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2214609;
- 4dY. Cai, J. Fu, Y. Zhou, Y. C. Chang, Q. Min, J. J. Zhu, Y. Lin, W. Zhu, Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 586.
- 5
- 5aY. Wu, Y. Liang, H. Wang, Acc. Chem. Res. 2021, 54, 3149–3159;
- 5bY. J. Sa, H. Jung, D. Shin, H. Y. Jeong, S. Ringe, H. Kim, Y. J. Hwang, S. H. Joo, ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 10920–10931;
- 5cX.-M. Hu, H. H. Hval, E. T. Bjerglund, K. J. Dalgaard, M. R. Madsen, M.-M. Pohl, E. Welter, P. Lamagni, K. B. Buhl, M. Bremholm, M. Beller, S. U. Pedersen, T. Skrydstrup, K. Daasbjerg, ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 6255–6264;
- 5dZ. Zhang, J. Xiao, X. J. Chen, S. Yu, L. Yu, R. Si, Y. Wang, S. Wang, X. Meng, Y. Wang, Z. Q. Tian, D. Deng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 16339–16342.
- 6
- 6aM. Wang, K. Torbensen, D. Salvatore, S. Ren, D. Joulie, F. Dumoulin, D. Mendoza, B. Lassalle-Kaiser, U. Isci, C. P. Berlinguette, M. Robert, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3602;
- 6bX. Zhang, Y. Wang, M. Gu, M. Y. Wang, Z. S. Zhang, W. Y. Pan, Z. Jiang, H. Z. Zheng, M. Lucero, H. L. Wang, G. E. Sterbinsky, Q. Ma, Y. G. Wang, Z. X. Feng, J. Li, H. J. Dai, Y. Y. Liang, Nat. Energy 2020, 5, 684–692;
- 6cP. T. Smith, B. P. Benke, Z. Cao, Y. Kim, E. M. Nichols, K. Kim, C. J. Chang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 9684–9688;
- 6dZ. Tu, G. Zhang, L. Liao, H. Wang, J. Mol. Catal. 2023, 540, 113033.
- 7H. Kim, D. Shin, W. Yang, D. H. Won, H. S. Oh, M. W. Chung, D. Jeong, S. H. Kim, K. H. Chae, J. Y. Ryu, J. Lee, S. J. Cho, J. Seo, H. Kim, C. H. Choi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 925–933.
- 8
- 8aY. Zhang, L. Z. Dong, S. Li, X. Huang, J. N. Chang, J. H. Wang, J. Zhou, S. L. Li, Y. Q. Lan, Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 6390;
- 8bY. R. Wang, H. M. Ding, X. Y. Ma, M. Liu, Y. L. Yang, Y. Chen, S. L. Li, Y. Q. Lan, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202114648;
- 8cY. R. Wang, M. Liu, G. K. Gao, Y. L. Yang, R. X. Yang, H. M. Ding, Y. Chen, S. L. Li, Y. Q. Lan, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 21952–21958;
- 8dK. Zhao, X. Nie, H. Wang, S. Chen, X. Quan, H. Yu, W. Choi, G. Zhang, B. Kim, J. G. Chen, Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 2455.
- 9Z. Weng, Y. Wu, M. Wang, J. Jiang, K. Yang, S. Huo, X. F. Wang, Q. Ma, G. W. Brudvig, V. S. Batista, Y. Liang, Z. Feng, H. Wang, Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 415.
- 10B. Yang, L. Chen, S. Xue, H. Sun, K. Feng, Y. Chen, X. Zhang, L. Xiao, Y. Qin, J. Zhong, Z. Deng, Y. Jiao, Y. Peng, Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 5122.
- 11R. Casebolt, K. Levine, J. Suntivich, T. Hanrath, Joule 2021, 5, 1987–2026.
- 12R. M. Arán-Ais, F. Scholten, S. Kunze, R. Rizo, B. Roldan Cuenya, Nat. Energy 2020, 5, 317–325.
- 13X. D. Zhang, T. Liu, C. Liu, D. S. Zheng, J. M. Huang, Q. W. Liu, W. W. Yuan, Y. Yin, L. R. Huang, M. Xu, Y. Li, Z. Y. Gu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145, 2195–2206.
- 14Z. Li, L. Wang, T. Wang, L. Sun, W. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145, 20655–20664.
- 15K. W. Kimura, R. Casebolt, J. Cimada DaSilva, E. Kauffman, J. Kim, T. A. Dunbar, C. J. Pollock, J. Suntivich, T. Hanrath, ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 8632–8639.
- 16J. Timoshenko, A. Bergmann, C. Rettenmaier, A. Herzog, R. M. Aran-Ais, H. S. Jeon, F. T. Haase, U. Hejral, P. Grosse, S. Kuhl, E. M. Davis, J. Tian, O. Magnussen, B. Roldan Cuenya, Nat. Catal. 2022, 5, 259–267.
- 17
- 17aC. Kim, L.-C. Weng, A. T. Bell, ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 12403–12413;
- 17bZ. Tang, E. Nishiwaki, K. E. Fritz, T. Hanrath, J. Suntivich, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 14050–14055.
- 18G. R. G. III, D. M. Haynes, J. S. Lindsey, Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 1455–1458.
- 19L.-C. Xu, Z.-Y. Li, W. Tan, T.-J. He, F.-C. Liu, D.-M. Chen, Spectrochim. Acta Part A 2005, 62, 850–862.
- 20S. Sripothongnak, C. J. Ziegler, M. R. Dahlby, V. N. Nemykin, Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50, 6902–6909.
- 21M. Sano, S. Komorita, H. Yamatera, Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 459–463.
- 22S. A. Krasnikov, N. N. Sergeeva, M. M. Brzhezinskaya, A. B. Preobrajenski, Y. N. Sergeeva, N. A. Vinogradov, A. A. Cafolla, M. O. Senge, A. S. Vinogradov, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2008, 20, 235207.
- 23P. Frank, M. Benfatto, B. Hedman, K. O. Hodgson, Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 2086–2096.
- 24A. Gaur, B. D. Shrivastava, S. K. Joshi, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2009, 190, 012084.
10.1088/1742-6596/190/1/012084 Google Scholar
- 25S. D. Giri, A. Sarkar, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2016, 163, H252–H259.
- 26
- 26aE. Perez-Gallent, M. C. Figueiredo, F. Calle-Vallejo, M. T. Koper, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 3621–3624;
- 26bY. Y. Birdja, E. Pérez-Gallent, M. C. Figueiredo, A. J. Göttle, F. Calle-Vallejo, M. T. M. Koper, Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 732–745;
- 26cH. Sun, L. Lin, W. Hua, X. Xie, Q. Mu, K. Feng, J. Zhong, F. Lyu, Z. Deng, Y. Peng, Nano Res. 2022, 16, 3680–3686;
- 26dJ. Cheng, L. Chen, X. Xie, K. Feng, H. Sun, Y. Qin, W. Hua, Z. Zheng, Y. He, W. Pan, W. Yang, F. Lyu, J. Zhong, Z. Deng, Y. Jiao, Y. Peng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, e202312113.
- 27
- 27aA. Wuttig, C. Liu, Q. Peng, M. Yaguchi, C. H. Hendon, K. Motobayashi, S. Ye, M. Osawa, Y. Surendranath, ACS Cent. Sci. 2016, 2, 522–528;
- 27bW. Ma, S. Xie, T. Liu, Q. Fan, J. Ye, F. Sun, Z. Jiang, Q. Zhang, J. Cheng, Y. Wang, Nat. Catal. 2020, 3, 478–487;
- 27cL. Xiong, X. Zhang, L. Chen, Z. Deng, S. Han, Y. Chen, J. Zhong, H. Sun, Y. Lian, B. Yang, X. Yuan, H. Yu, Y. Liu, X. Yang, J. Guo, M. H. Rummeli, Y. Jiao, Y. Peng, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2101741.
- 28
- 28aX. Li, Y. Sun, J. Xu, Y. Shao, J. Wu, X. Xu, Y. Pan, H. Ju, J. Zhu, Y. Xie, Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 690–699;
- 28bY. Zhang, Q. Zhou, Z. F. Qiu, X. Y. Zhang, J. Q. Chen, Y. Zhao, F. Gong, W. Y. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2203677;
- 28cJ. Cheng, Y. Bai, Z. Wei, Q. Mu, H. Sun, L. Lin, L. Xiao, X. Xie, Z. Deng, Y. Peng, J. Energy Chem. 2022, 75, 422–429.
- 29
- 29aC. T. Dinh, T. Burdyny, M. G. Kibria, A. Seifitokaldani, C. M. Gabardo, F. P. G. de Arquer, A. Kiani, J. P. Edwards, P. De Luna, O. S. Bushuyev, C. Q. Zou, R. Quintero-Bermudez, Y. J. Pang, D. Sinton, E. H. Sargent, Science 2018, 360, 783–787;
- 29bX. Chen, J. Chen, N. M. Alghoraibi, D. A. Henckel, R. Zhang, U. O. Nwabara, K. E. Madsen, P. J. A. Kenis, S. C. Zimmerman, A. A. Gewirth, Nat. Catal. 2020, 4, 20–27.
- 30H. S. Jeon, J. Timoshenko, C. Rettenmaier, A. Herzog, A. Yoon, S. W. Chee, S. Oener, U. Hejral, F. T. Haase, B. Roldan Cuenya, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 7578–7587.
- 31M. Steimecke, A. M. Araújo-Cordero, E. Dieterich, M. Bron, ChemElectroChem 2021, 9, e202101221.
- 32S. H. Salleh, S. Thomas, J. A. Yuwono, K. Venkatesan, N. Birbilis, Electrochim. Acta 2015, 161, 144–152.
This is the
German version
of Angewandte Chemie.
Note for articles published since 1962:
Do not cite this version alone.
Take me to the International Edition version with citable page numbers, DOI, and citation export.
We apologize for the inconvenience.
