Etymologically, the word caudillo comes from the Latin term capitellum or caput, which means head. A political system or political regime based on caudillaje is named caudillismo and is under the mandate of a caudillo (political leader). Caudillo means the boss or leader of an army at war. However, political and military leaders who lead emancipation or popular movements are also designated with the same word. Different authors have analyzed caudillismo from two main orientations: as a social movement or institutional regime, and as a reflection of the action of a leader, or caudillo. It has been a phenomenon associated mainly with Latin American politics. Nevertheless, various movements or regimes have been recognized by the name of their caudillo (e.g., Peronism in Argentina, Cardenism in Mexico, Caesarism in Rome, Bonapartism in France, Bismarckism in Germany, Francoism in Spain, Duce with reference to Mussolini, Führer with reference to Hitler).