“Gold farmers” are companies and workers who earn income by harvesting virtual currencies and items in online video games and selling them on to other players for real money. The industry emerged in the massively multiplayer online role-playing games of the late 1990s and 2000s and persists in different forms today. Scholars have examined the sociology of the consumer demand that drives the industry, the structure and geography of its clandestine value chains, its implications for economic development, and its relationship with the video game business and the ethics of play.