Electromagnetic Waves

The definition of the electromagnetic waves (EMWs), the main steps in the history of electromagnetism, and EMW bands are discussed in the introduction. Theoretical background includes Maxwell equations and wave equation with its solution for plane waves. The main properties of the wave in perfect and lossy, homogeneous and inhomogeneous, and isotropic and anisotropic media are described. The phenomena of dispersion, reflection, and refraction are explained, and formulas for the wave parameters in different conditions are presented. The conditions for full refraction and reflection as well as the equation for wave propagation trajectory inside a multilayered medium are discussed. The properties of the standing wave are described. The theoretical limit for the spatial resolution is given.

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Citing Literature

Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering

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