The intersections of medical history and sociology, health policy, and social movement studies have become the focus of scholarly attention in recent years, culminating in insightful and novel contributions concerning health movements in the United States. Health movements have recently been conceptualized as a distinct category of social movements, that mobilize for change in medical practice, health policy, and beliefs about health and illness. This entry proposes a framework for the study of health movements in Europe, through the delineation of some central features of health policy and politics and the institutional characteristics of healthcare systems. The framework is used to organize a historical overview of the emergence and evolution of collective struggles in the name of health in Europe to date.