Anti-feminism refers to organized forms of opposition to feminism, in contrast to more widespread attitudes such as sexism (hostility toward women) and misogyny (hatred of women). It is sometimes defined as a “backlash” to women's liberation and feminism; political, social, and cultural resistance of privileged groups – men, white or upper class – to progressive social change, to restore or maintain power and privileges that are challenged. Its conservative and even reactionary posture set it apart from many other social movements (workers', student, civil rights, etc.). Even though both Old and New Left organizations that tend to accuse feminists of dividing the movement and harming the anti-capitalist or anti-racist struggles may harbor anti-feminism, it is mainly to the right or the extreme right of the political spectrum that we see anti-feminism constituting a countermovement; that is, an organized form of backlash. This phenomenon has been studied from different perspectives, including political opportunities. The anti-feminist countermovement is, a priori, the consequence of the “success” of the feminist movement. The development of the countermovement is marked by a mimetic logic: its symbols, aspects of its discourse, forms of organization, and tactics are borrowed from the feminist movement. Finally, like feminism and other social movements, the anti-feminist countermovement involves numerous more or less interrelated tendencies that organize different campaigns and develop diverse frames, relying in turns on religious (God's will), biological (sexual nature), legal (rights and equality), social (family), and psychological (crisis of masculinity) arguments. Studies of anti-feminism in the United States usually identify four forms or tendencies of the anti-feminist countermovement: (i) anti-suffrage; (ii) anti-ERA (Equal Rights Amendment); (iii) anti-choice or “pro-life”; and (iv) men's rights activism.