Social movement scholars have used the concept of bureaucratization to refer to the formalization of structure in social movement organizations. Research suggests that formalized structures have become common in modern social movements, though movements also include multiple other forms of organization, including informal grassroots groups. Though bureaucratic movement organizations are often efficient, and may help to maintain movements, debates about their impacts on social movements focus on the extent to which bureaucracy discourages democratic participation, direct action tactics, and radical social change goals. Studies show that bureaucratic organizations often cooperate with other types of movement organizations and that there are advantages and disadvantages to bureaucracy as well as other organizational structures.