Algal Metabolism

Algal metabolism concerns the biochemical and transport processes by which algae take up nutrients and convert them into the materials needed for growth, reproduction and defence of the organisms. Many of the metabolic processes that occur in algae are common to those found in other living organisms. This commonality is described, but emphasis is given to those major metabolic processes in algae that are unique to, or differ in detail from, those of other organisms. This includes mechanisms of light harvesting, carbon acquisition and aspects of N and S assimilation as well as the formation of unique secondary metabolites. In addition, the consequences for algal metabolism of growth in extreme environments, such as nutrient limitation and exposure to extremes of visible and UV light, are considered. The exploitation of algal metabolism and its products in biotechnology is also briefly described.

Key Concepts

Algal metabolism shares many features in common with that of other living organisms but also differs in unique respects.
Algal metabolism gives rise to a range of unique compounds, including secondary metabolites, some of which have toxicity to other organisms.
Algal metabolism is modulated to a large extent by environmental factors such as nutrient availability and extremes of temperature and light.
Certain algae can metabolise at lower external pH and lower PAR than can embryophytes.
Algal metabolism can be exploited to produce compounds of biotechnological importance. These include pigments, nutraceuticals, bioactive compounds and oils for biodiesel.

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