Economic Aspects of Biopolymer Production
Part 10. General Aspects and Special Applications
Dr. Sang Yup Lee,
M. Eng. Si Jae Park,
M. Eng. Jong Pil Park,
M. Eng. Young Lee,
M. Eng. Seung Hwan Lee,
Dr. Sang Yup Lee
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-3930 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and Center for Ultramicrochemical Process Systems, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorM. Eng. Si Jae Park
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-5970 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorM. Eng. Jong Pil Park
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-5970 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorM. Eng. Young Lee
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-5970 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, ChiroBio Inc., #2324, Undergraduate Building 2, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorM. Eng. Seung Hwan Lee
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-5970 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Sang Yup Lee,
M. Eng. Si Jae Park,
M. Eng. Jong Pil Park,
M. Eng. Young Lee,
M. Eng. Seung Hwan Lee,
Dr. Sang Yup Lee
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-3930 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and Center for Ultramicrochemical Process Systems, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorM. Eng. Si Jae Park
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-5970 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorM. Eng. Jong Pil Park
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-5970 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorM. Eng. Young Lee
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-5970 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, ChiroBio Inc., #2324, Undergraduate Building 2, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorM. Eng. Seung Hwan Lee
- [email protected]
- +82-42-869-5970 | Fax: +82-42-869-3910
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 305-701
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
- Introduction
- Historical Outline
- Microbial Polysaccharides
- Bacterial Cellulose (β-d-Glucan)
- BC Fermentation
- Culture Media
- Recovery Method
- Pullulan (α-d-Glucan)
- Pullulan Production by Fermentation
- Culture Media
- Recovery Method
- Xanthan
- Xanthan Fermentation
- Recovery Method
- Bacterial Cellulose (β-d-Glucan)
- Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)
- Production of γ-PGA
- Recovery of γ-PGA
- Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
- Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
- Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
- Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)
- Medium-chain-length Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates)
- Outlook and Perspectives
- Patents
References
- Ahn, W. S., Park, S. J., Lee, S. Y. (2000) Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by fed-batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli with a highly concentrated whey solution, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 3624–3627.
- Ahn, W. S., Park, S. J., Lee, S. Y. (2001) Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from whey by cell recycle fed-batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli, Biotechnol. Lett. 23, 235–240.
- Amanullah, A., Satti, S., Nienow, A. W. (1998) Enhancing xanthan fermentations by different modes of glucose feeding, Biotechnol. Prog. 14, 265–269
- Anderson, A. J., Dawes, E. A. (1990) Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates, Microbiol. Rev. 54, 450–472.
- Barnett, C., Smith, A., Scanlon, B., Israilides, C. J. (1999) Pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans growing on hydrolysed potato starch waste, Carbohy. Polymer. 38, 203–209.
- Brandl, H., Bachofen, R., Mayer, J., Wintermantel, E. (1995) Degradation and applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates, Can. J. Microbiol. 41(Suppl. 1), 143–153.
- Brandl, H., Knee, E. J., Fuller, R.C., Gross, R.A., Renz, R. W. (1989) Ability of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum to produce various poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates): potential sources for biodegradable polyester, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 11, 49–55.
- Buliga, G. S. (1987) Temperature and molecular weight dependence of the unperturbed dimensions of aqueous pullulan, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 9, 71–76
- Byrom, D. (1987) Polymer synthesis by microorganisms: technology and economics, Trends Biotechnol. 5, 246–250.
-
Byrom, D.
(1991)
Microbial cellulose, in: Biomaterials: novel materials from biological sources ( D. Byrom, Ed.), New York: Stockton,
124–213.
10.1007/978-1-349-11167-1 Google Scholar
- Cadmus, M. C., Knutson, C. A., Lagoda, A. A., Pittsley, J. E., Burton, K. A. (1978) Synthetic media for production of quality xanthan gum in 20 liter fementors, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 20, 1003–1014.
- Cannon, R. E., Anderson, S. M. (1991) Cellulose, CRC Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 17, 435–447.
- Carine, L. (1985) Effect of pH on the batch fermentation of pullulan from sucrose medium, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27, 202–207.
- Carolan, G., Catley, B. J., McDougal, F. J. (1983) The location of tetrasaccharide units in pullulan, Carbohydr. Res. 114, 237–243.
- Catley, B. J. (1970) Pullulan, a relationship between molecular weight and fine structure, FEBS Lett. 10, 190–193.
- Catley, B. J. (1979) Pullulan, synthesis by Aureobasidium pullulans, in Microbial polysaccharides and polysaccharases ( R. C. W. Berkeley, et al., Eds.), London: Academic Press, 69–84.
- Catley, B. J., Whelan, W. J. (1971) Observations on the structure of pullulan, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 143, 138–142.
- Catley, B. J., Ramsay, A., Servis, C. (1986) Observation on the structure of the fungal extracellular polysaccharide pullulan, Carbohydr. Res. 153, 79–86.
- Chao, Y. P., Sugano, Y., Kouda, T., Yoshinaga, F., Shoda, M. (1997) Production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum with an air-lift reactor, Biotechnol. Tech. 11, 829–832
- Chen, G. Q., Zhang, G., Park, S. J., Lee, S. Y. (2001) Industrial production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 57, 50–55.
- Cheng, C., Asada, Y., Aaida, T. (1989) Production of γ-polyglutamic acid by Bacillus subtilis A35 under denitrifying conditions, Agric. Biol. Chem. 53, 2369–2375.
- Choi, J., Lee, S. Y. (1997) Process analysis and economic evaluation for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by fermentation, Bioprocess. Eng. 17, 335–342.
-
Choi, J.,
Lee, S. Y.
(1999a)
Efficient and economical recovery of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from recombinant Escherichia coli by simple digestion with chemicals,
Biotechnol. Bioeng. 62,
546–553.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19990305)62:5<546::AID-BIT6>3.0.CO;2-0 CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Choi, J., Lee, S. Y. (1999b) High-level production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by fed-batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 4363–4368.
- Choi, J., Lee, S. Y. (2000) Economic consideration in the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by bacterial fermentation, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 53, 646–649.
- Choi, J., Lee, S. Y., Han, K. (1998) Cloning of the Alcaligenes latus polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes and use of these genes for enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Escherichia coli, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 4897–4903.
- Cromwick, A. M., Gross, R. A. (1995) Investigation by NMR of metabolic routes to bacterial γ-poly(glutamic acid) using 13C-labeled citrate and glutamate as media carbon sources, Can. J. Microbiol. 41, 902–909.
- Davidson, I. W. (1978) Production of polysaccharide by Xanthomonas campestris in continuous culture, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 3, 347–349.
- De Koning, G. J. M., Witholt, B. (1997a) A process for the recovery of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) from Pseudomonads Part 1: Solubilization, Bioprocess. Eng. 17, 7–13.
- De Koning, G. J. M., Witholt, B. (1997b) A process for the recovery of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) from Pseudomonads Part 2: Process development and economic evaluation, Bioprocess. Eng. 17, 15–21.
- Deshpande, M. S., Rale, V. B., Lynch, J. M. (1992) Aureobasidium pullulans in applied microbiology: a status report, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 14, 514–527.
- De Smet, M. J., Eggink, G., Witholt, B., Kingma, J., Wynberg, H. (1983) Characterization of intracellular inclusions formed by Pseudomonas oleovorans during growth on octane, J. Bacteriol. 154, 870–878.
- De Vuyst, L., Vermeire, A., Van Loo, J., Vandamme, E.J. (1987a) Nutritional, physiological and process-technological improvements of xanthan fermentation process, Mec. Fac. Landbouwwet. Rijkuniv. Gent. 52, 1881–1900.
- De Vuyst, L., Van Loo, J., Vandamne, E. J. (1987b) Two-step fermentation process for improved xanthan production by Xanthomonas campetris NRRL B-1459, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 39, 263–273.
- Do, J. H., Chang, H. N., Lee, S. Y. (2001) Efficient recovery of γ-poly(glutamic acid) from highly viscous culture broth, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 76, 219–223.
- Doi, Y. (1990) Microbial Polyesters, New York: VCH.
- Doi, Y., Kitamura, S., Abe, H. (1995) Microbial synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate, Macromolecules 28, 4822–4828.
- Dudman, W. F. (1960) Cellulose production by Acetobacter strains in submerged culture, J. Gen. Microbiol. 22, 25–30.
- Flahive, J. J., III, Fooufopoulos, A., Etzel, M. R. (1994) Alcohol precipitation of xanthan gum from pure solution and fermentation broth, Sep. Sci. Technol. 29, 1673–1687.
- Fukui, T., Doi, Y. (1998) Efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from plant oils by Alcaligenes eutrophus and its recombinant strain, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49, 333–336.
- Funahashi, H., Yoshida, T., Taguchi, H. (1987) Effect of glucose concentration on xanthan gum production by Xanthomonas campestris, J. Ferment. Technol. 65, 603–606.
- Galindo, E., Albiter, V. (1996) High-yield recovery of xanthan by precipitation with isopropyl alcohol in a stirred tank, Biotechnol. Prog. 12, 540–547.
- Garcia-Ochoa, F., Gomez, E. (1998) Mass transfer coefficient in stirrer tank reactors for xanthan solutions, Biochem. Eng. J, 1, 1–10.
- Garcia-Ochoa, F., Casas, J. A., Mohedno, A. F. (1993) Precipitation of xanthan gum, Sep. Sci. Technol. 28, 1303–1313.
- Garcia-Ochoa, F., Santos, V. E., Alcon, A. (1995) Xanthan gum production: an unstructured kinetic model, Enzyme Microbiol. Technol. 17, 206–217.
- Garcia-Ochoa, F., Santose, V.E., Alcon, A. (1996) Simulation of xanthan gum production by a chemically structured kinetic model, Math. Comput. Simul. 42, 187–195.
- Garcia-Ochoa, F., Santos, V. E., Casas, J. A., Gomez, E. (2000) Xanthan gum: production, recovery, and properties, Biotechnol. Adv. 18, 549–579.
- Gibbs, P.A., Seviour, R. J. (1996) Does the agitation rate and/or oxygen saturation influence exopolysaccharide production by Aureobasidium pullulans in batch culture, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46, 503–510.
- Gonzalez, R., John, M. R., Greenfield, P. F., Pace, G. W. (1989) Xanthan gum precipitation using ethanol, Process Biochem. 24, 200–203.
- Goto, A., Kunioka, M. (1992) Biosynthesis and hydrolysis of poly(γ-glutamic acid) from Bacillus subtilis IFO3335, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 56, 1031–1035.
- Hara, T., Fujio, Y., Ueda, S. (1982) Polyglutamate production by Bacillus subtilis (natto), J. Appl. Biochem. 4, 112–120.
- Haywood, G. W., Anderson, A. J., Williams, G. A., Dawes, E. A., Ewing, D. F. (1991) Accumulation of a poly(hydroxyalkanoate) copolymer containing primarily 3-hydroxyvalerate from simple carbohydrate substrates by Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 40126, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 13, 83–87.
- Hazenberg, W., Witholt, B. (1997) Efficient production of medium-chain-length poly(3-hyrdoxyalkanoates) from octane by Pseudomonas oleovorans: economic consideration, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 48, 588–596.
- Ishikawa, A., Matioka, M., Tsuchida, T., Yoshinaga, F. (1995) Increasing of bacterial cellulose by sulfaguanidine-resistant mutants derived from Acetobacter xylinum subsp. sucrofermentans BPR2001, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 59, 2259–2262.
- Ito, Y., Tanaka, T., Ohmachi, T., Asada, Y. (1996) Glutamic acid independent production of poly(γ-glutamic acid) by Bacillus subtilis TAM-4, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 60, 1239–1242.
- Ivanovics, G., Bruckner, V. (1937) Chemische und immunologische Studien uber den Mechanimus der Milzbrandinfektion und Immunitat: die chemische Struktur der Kapdelsubstanz des Milzbrandbasillus und der serologisch identischen spezifischen Substanz des Bacillus mesentericus, Z. Immunitatsforsch. 90, 304–318.
- Jana, A. K., Ghosh, P. (1995) Xanthan biosynthesis in continuous culture: citric acid as an energy source, J. Ferment. Bioeng. 80, 485–491.
- Jonas, R., Farah, L. F. (1998) Production and application of microbial cellulose, Polymer Degrad. Stabil. 59, 101–106.
- Joris, K., Vandamme, E. J. (1993) Novel production and application aspects of bacterial cellulose, World Microbiol. 1, 27–29.
- Kaplan, D. L. (1987) Controlling biopolymer molecular weight distribution: pullulan and chitosan, in Materials Biotechnology Symposium Proceedings (Kaplan, D. L., Ed.), MA: US Army Natick Research Development and Engineering Center, 149–173.
- Kato, M., Bao, H. J., Kang, C. K., Fukui, T., Doi, Y. (1996) Production of a novel copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acids and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids by Pseudomonas sp. 61–3 from sugars, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 45, 363–370.
- Kennedy, J. F., Bradshaw, I. J. (1984) Production, properties and applications of xanthan, Pro. Ind. Microbiol. 19, 319–371.
- Kessler, W. R., Popovic, M. K., Robinson, C. W. (1993) Xanthan production in an external –circulation-loop airlift fermentor, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 71, 101–106.
- Kim, B. S., Lee, S. C., Lee, S. Y., Chang, H. N., Chang, Y. K., Woo, S. I. (1994) Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) by fed-batch culture of Alcaligenes eutrophus with glucose concentration control, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43, 892–898.
- Kim, S. W., Kim, P., Kim, J. H. (1996) High production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Methylobacterium organophilum under potassium limitation, Biotechnol. Lett. 18, 25–30.
-
Kobayashi, G.,
Shiotani, T.,
Shima, Y.,
Doi, Y.
(1994)
Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from oils and fats by Aeromonas sp. OL-338 and Aeromonas sp. FA440, in: Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers ( Y. Doi, K. Fukuda, Eds.), Amsterdam: Elsevier,
410–416.
10.1016/B978-0-444-81708-2.50044-0 Google Scholar
- Kolar, C., Kraemer, H. P., Dehmel, K. (1985) Cis-platinum complexes with a pentaerythritol derivative as the ligand, a process for their preparation and a pharmaceutical agent containing these compounds, US Patent 4,730,069.
- Konno, A., Taguchi, T., Yamaguchi, T. (1988) Bakery products and noodles containing polyglutamic acid, US Patent 4,888,193.
- Kouda, T., Yano, H., Yoshinaga, F. (1997) Effect of agitator configuration on the productivity of bacterial cellulose production, J. Ferment. Bioeng. 83, 371–376.
- Kubota, H., Matsunobu, T., Uotani, K., Takebe, H., Satoh, A., Tanaka, T., Tanguchi, M. (1993) Production of poly(γ-glutamic acid) by Bacillus subtilis F-2-01, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 57, 1212–1213.
- Lacroix, C., LeDuy, A., Noel, G., Choplin, L. (1985) Effect of pH on the batch fermentation of pullulan from sucrose medium, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27, 202–207.
- Lee, H. L. (1981) concentrated xanthan gum solution, US Patent 4, 299, 825.
-
Lee, S. H.,
Oh, D. H.,
Ahn, W. S.,
Lee, Y.,
Choi, J.,
Lee, S. Y.
(2000)
Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by high-cell-density cultivation of Aeromonas hydrophila,
Biotechnol. Bioeng. 67,
240–244.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(20000120)67:2<240::AID-BIT14>3.0.CO;2-F CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Lee, S. Y. (1996a) Plastic bacteria? Progress and prospects for polyhydroxyalkanoate production in bacteria, Trends Biotechnol. 14, 431–438.
-
Lee, S. Y.
(1996b)
Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates,
Biotechnol. Bioeng. 49,
1–14.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960105)49:1<1::AID-BIT1>3.0.CO;2-P CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Lee, S. Y. (1997) E. coli moves into the plastic age, Nature Biotechnol. 15, 17–18.
- Lee, S. Y., Chang, H. N. (1994) Effect of complex nitrogen source on the synthesis and accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) by recombinant Escherichia coli in flask and fed-batch cultures, J. Environ. Polymer Degrad. 2, 169–176.
- Lee, S. Y., Choi, J. (1998) Effect of fermentation performance on the economics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Alcaligenes latus, Polymer Degrad. Stabil. 59, 387–393.
- Lee, S. Y., Choi, J. (1999) Polyhydroxyalkanoates: biodegradable polymer, in: Manual of Industrial Microorganisms and Biotechnology ( A. L. Demain, J. E. Davies, Eds.), Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 616–627.
-
Lee, S. Y.,
Wong, H. H.,
Choi, J.,
Lee, S. H.,
Lee, S. C.,
Han, C. S.
(2000)
Production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates by high cell density cultivation of Pseudomonas putida under phosphorus limitation,
Biotechnol. Bioeng. 68,
466–470.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(20000520)68:4<466::AID-BIT12>3.0.CO;2-T CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Lee, Y. H. (1981) Enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose–a kinetic study. Ph.D. Dissertation, Kansas State University, Manhattan.
- Leonard, C. G., Housewright, R. D., Thorne, C. B. (1958) Effect of metal ions on the optical specificity of glutamate synthetase and glutamyl transferase of Bacillus licheniformis, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 62, 432–434.
- Letisse, F., Chevallereau, P., Simon, J. L., Lindley, N. D. (2001) Kinetic analysis of growth and xanthan gum production with Xanthomonas campestris on sucrose, using sequentially consumed nitrogen sources, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 55, 417–422
- Liebergesell, M., Hustede, E., Timm, A., Steinbüchel, A., Fuller, R. C., Lenz, R. W., Schlegel, H. G. (1991) Formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) by phototrophic and chemolithotrophic bacteria, Arch. Microbiol. 155, 415–421.
- Lo, Y. M., Yang, S. T., Min, D. B. (1997a) Effects of yeast extract and glucose on xanthan production and cell growth in batch culture of Xanthomonas campestris, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 47, 689–694.
- Lo, Y. M., Yang, S. T., Min, D. B. (1997b) Ultrafiltration of xanthan gum fermentation broth: process and economic analyses, J. Food Eng. 31, 219–236.
- Lopez, M.J., Ramos-Cormenzana, A. (1996) Xanthan production from olive-mill wastewater, Int. Biodet. Biodegr. 38, 263–270.
- Madison, L. L, Huisman, G. W. (1999) Metabolic engineering of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates): from DNA to plastic, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63, 21–53.
- Marchessault, R. H., Morin, F. G., Wong, S., Saracovan, I. (1995) Artificial granule suspensions of long side chain poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate), Can. J. Microbiol. 41, 138–142.
- Margaritis, A., Zajic, J.E. (1978) Biotechnology review: mixing mass transfer and scale-up of polysaccharide fermentation, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 20, 939–1001.
- Masaoka, S., Ohe, T., Sakota, N. (1993) Production of cellulose from glucose by Acetobacter xylinum, J. Ferment. Bioeng. 75, 18–22.
- Moraine, R. A., Rogovin, P. (1966) Kinetics of polysaccharide B-1459 fermentation, Biotechol. Bioeng. 8, 511–524.
- Moraine, R. A., Rogovin, P. (1971) Xanthan biopolymer production at increased concentration by pH control, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 13, 381–391.
- Moraine, R. A., Rogovin, P. (1973) Kinetics of the xanthan fermentation, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 15, 225–237.
-
Murao, S.
(1969)
On the polyglutamic acid fermentation,
Koubunshi 16,
1204–1212.
10.1295/kobunshi.16.11_1204 Google Scholar
- Naritomi, T., Kouda, T., Yano, H., Yoshinaga, F. (1998) Effect of lactate on bacterial cellulose production from fructose in continuous culture, J. Ferment. Bioeng. 85, 89–95.
- Naritomi, T., Kouda, T., Yano, H., Yoshinaga, F., Shigematsu, T., Morimura, S., Kida, K. (2002) Influence of broth exchange ratio on bacterial cellulose production by repeated-batch culture, Process Biochem. 38, 41–47.
- Ogawa, Y., Yamaguchi, F., Yuasa, K., Tahara, Y. (1997) Efficient production of γ-polyglutamic acid by Bacillus subtilis (natto) in jar fermentors, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 61, 1684–1687.
- Oikawa, T., Morino, T., Ameyanea, M. (1995a) Production of cellulose from D-arabitol by Acetobacter xylinum KU-1, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 59, 1564–1565.
- Oikawa, T., Ohtori, T., Ameyanea, M. (1995b) Production of cellulose from D-mannitol by Acetobacter xylinum KU-1, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 59, 331–332.
- Onken, U., Weiland, P. (1983) Airlift fermentors: construction, behavior, and use, in: Advances in biotechnological processes 1 ( A. Mizrahi, A. L. Van Wezel, Eds.), New York: Liss, 67–95.
- Park, S. J., Ahn, W. S., Green, P. R., Lee, S. Y. (2001) Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains, Biomacromolecules 2, 248–254.
- Park, S. J., Park, J. P., Lee, S. Y. (2002) Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from whey by fed-batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli in a pilot-scale fermentor, Biotechnol. Lett. 24, 185–189.
- Pinches, A., Pallent, L. J. (1986) Rate and yield relationships in the production of xanthan gum by batch fermentation using complex and chemically defined growth media, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 28, 1484–1496.
- Poirier, Y. (2002) Polyhydroxyalknoate synthesis in plants as a tool for biotechnology and basic studies of lipid metabolism, Prog. Lipid Res. 41, 131–155.
- Pons, A., Dussap, C. G., Gros, J. B. (1989) Modelling Xanthomonas campestris batch fermentation in a bubble column, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 33, 394–405.
- Quinlan, A. V. (1986) Kinetics of secondary metabolite synthesis in batch culture when two different substrate limit cell growth and metabolite production: xanthan synthesis by Xanthomonas campestris, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 469, 259–269.
- Roehr, M., Reed, R. (1996) Products of primary metabolism in: Biotechnology, volume 6. ( M. Roehr, Ed.), New York: VCH, 633–657.
- Rogovin, P., Albrecht, W., Sohn, V. (1965) Production of industrial grade polysaccharide B-149, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 7, 161–169.
- Roseiro, J. C., Costa, D. C., Collaco, M. T. A. (1992) Batch and fed-cultivation of Xanthomonas campestris in carob extracts, Food Sci. Tech. 25, 289–293.
- Roukas, T. (1999) Pullulan production from brewery wastes by Aureobasidium pullulans, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15, 447–450.
- Roukas, T., Biliaderis, C. G. (1995) Evaluation of carob pod as a substrate for pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 55, 27–44.
- Roukas, T., Mantzouridou, F. (2001) Effect of the aeration rate on pullulan production and fermentation broth rheological properties in an airlift reactor, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 76, 371–376.
- Sakurai, Y., Okano, T., Kataoka, K., Yamada, N., Inoue, S., Yokoyama, M. (1995) Water soluble high molecular weight polymerized drug preparation, US Patent 5, 693, 751.
- Schramn, M., Hestrin, S. (1954) Factors affecting production of cellulose at the air/liquid interface of a Acetobacter xylinum, J. Gen. Microbiol. 11, 123–129.
- Schweickart, R. W., Quinlan, A. V. (1989) Kinetics of xanthan production when NH3-N limits biomass synthesis and glucose limits polysaccharide synthesis, J. Biomech. Eng. 111, 166–171.
- Shabtai, Y., Mukkmenev, I. (1995) Enhanced production of pigment- free pullulan by a morphologically arrested Aureobasidium pullulans (ATCC 42023) in a two-stage fermentation with shift from soybean oil to sucrose, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 43, 595–603.
- Shairi, N., Asano, H., Ogawa, W., Nishi, N., Tokura, S. (1998) A method for direct harvest of bacterial cellulose filaments during continuous cultivation of Acetobacter xylinum, Carbohydr. Polymer 35, 233–237.
- Shibazaki, H., Kuga, S., Onabe, F., Usuda, M. (1993) Bacterial cellulose membrane as separation medium, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 50, 965–969
- Shih, I.-L., Van, Y.-T. (2001) The production of poly(γ-glutamic acid) from microorganisms and its various applications, Bioresource Technol. 79, 205–225.
- Silman, S. (1990) A comparison of polysaccharides from strains of Aureobasidium pullulans, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 71, 65–70.
- Smith, J. H., Pace, G. W. (1982) Recovery of microbial polysaccharides, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 32, 119–129.
- Souw, P., Demain, A. L. (1980) Role of citrate in xanthan production by Xanthomonas campetris, J. Ferment. Technol. 58, 411–416.
-
Steinbüchel, A.
(1991)
Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids, in: Biomaterials: novel materials from biological sources ( D. Byrom, Ed.), New York: Stockton,
124–213.
10.1007/978-1-349-11167-1_3 Google Scholar
- Steinbüchel, A. (2001) Perspectives for biotechnological production and utilization of biopolymers: metabolic engineering of polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis pathways as a successful example, Macromol. Biosci. 1, 1–24.
- Steinbüchel, A., Füchtenbusch, B. (1998) Bacterial and other biological systems for polyester production, Trends Biotechnol. 16, 419–427.
- Steinbüchel, A., Valentin, H. E. (1995) Diversity of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoic acid, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 128, 219–228.
-
Steinbüchel, A.,
Wiese, S.
(1992)
A Pseudomonas strain accumulating polyesters of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids,
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37,
601–697.
10.1007/BF00174829 Google Scholar
- Stredansky, M., Conti, E. (1999) Xanthan production by solid state fermentation, Process Biochem. 34, 581–587.
- Suh, I. S., Schumpe, A., Deckwer, D. W. (1992) Xanthan production in bubble column and air lift reactors, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 39, 85–94.
- Sutherland, I. W. (1998) Novel and established application of microbial polysaccharides, Trends Biotechnol. 16, 41–46.
- Thorne, C. B., Gomez, C. G., Blind, G. R., Housewright, R. D. (1953) Synthesis of glutamic acid and glutamyl polypeptide by Bacillus anthracis. III. Factors affecting peptide production in synthetic liquid media, J. Bacteriol. 65, 472–478.
- Thorne, C. B., Gomez, C. G., Noyes, H. E., Housewright, R. D. (1954) Production of glutamyl-peptide by Bacillus subtilis, J. Bacteriol. 68, 307–315.
- Toyosaki, H., Naritomi, T., Seto, A., Matsuoka, M., Tsuchida, T., Yoshinaga, F. (1995) Screening of bacterial cellulose-producing Acetobacter strains suitable for agitated culture, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 59, 1498–1502.
- Troy, F. A. (1973) Chemistry and biosynthesis of the poly(γ-D-glutamyl) capsule in Bacillus licheniformis. 1. Properties of the membrane-mediated biosynthetic reaction, J. Biol. Chem. 248, 305–316.
-
Tsujisaka, Y.,
Mitsuhashi, M.
(1993)
Pullulan, in: Industrial Gums ( R. L. Whistler, J. N. BeMiller, Eds.), New York: Academic Press,
447–460.
10.1016/B978-0-08-092654-4.50020-6 Google Scholar
- Vandamne, E. J., Baets, C. D., Steinbüchel, A. (2001) Polysaccharide I: Polysaccharides from prokaryotes, volume 5. In: Xanthan ( K. Born, Ed.), New York: VCH.
- Wang, F., Lee, S. Y. (1997) Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production with high polymer content by fed-batch culture of Alcaligenes latus under nitrogen limitation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 3703–3706.
- Watanabe, K., Tabuchi, M., Morinaga, Y., Yoshinaga, F. (1998) Structural feature and properties of bacterial cellulose produced in agitated culture, Cellulose 5, 187–200
- Weiss, R. M., Ollis, D. F. (1980) Extracellular microbial polysaccharides: I. Substrate, biomass and product kinetic equations for batch xanthan gum fermentation, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22, 859–873.
- West, T. P., Strohfus, B. (1998) Polysaccharide production by Aureobasidium pullulans cells immobilized by entrapment, Microbiol. Res. 153, 253–256.
- Wong, H. H., Lee, S. Y. (1998) Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from whey by high-density cultivation of recombinant Escherichia coli, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 50, 30–33.
-
Yamane, T.,
Fukunaga, M.,
Lee, Y. W.
(1996)
Increased PHB productivity by high-cell-density fed-batch culture of Alcaligenes latus, a growth-associated PHB producer,
Biotechnol. Bioeng. 50,
197–202.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960420)50:2<197::AID-BIT8>3.0.CO;2-H CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Yoon, S. H., Do, J. H., Lee, S. Y., Chang, H. N. (2000) Production of poly-γ-glutamic acid be fed-batch culture of Bacillus licheniformis, Biotechnol. Lett. 22, 585–588.
- Youssef, F., Roukas, T., Biliaderis, C. G. (1999) Pullulan production by a non-pigmented strain of Aureobasidium pullulans using batch and fed-batch culture, Process Biochem. 34, 355–366.
- Yuen, S. (1974) Pullulan and its applications, Process Biochem. 9, 7–9.
- Zaidi, A., Ghosh, P., Schumpe, A., Deckwar, D. W. (1991) Xanthan production in a plunging jet reactor, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35, 330–333.
- Zajic, J. E. (1973) Flocculant and chemical properties of a polysaccharide from Pullularia pullulans, Appl. Microbiol. 25, 628–635.
Citing Literature
Biopolymers Online: Biology • Chemistry • Biotechnology • Applications
Browse other articles of this reference work:
