Heterogeneous Catalysis and Solid Catalysts, 2. Development and Types of Solid Catalysts
Olaf Deutschmann,
Helmut Knözinger,
Karl Kochloefl, Thomas Turek,
Olaf Deutschmann
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstr. 20, Karlsruhe, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorHelmut Knözinger
Department Chemie, Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5 – 13 (Haus E), München, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Turek
Institut für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik, TU Clausthal, Leibnizstr. 17, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorOlaf Deutschmann,
Helmut Knözinger,
Karl Kochloefl, Thomas Turek,
Olaf Deutschmann
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstr. 20, Karlsruhe, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorHelmut Knözinger
Department Chemie, Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5 – 13 (Haus E), München, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Turek
Institut für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik, TU Clausthal, Leibnizstr. 17, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The article contains sections titled:
1. |
Development of Solid Catalysts |
2. |
Classification of Solid Catalysts |
2.1. |
Unsupported (Bulk) Catalysts |
2.1.1. |
Metal Oxides |
2.1.1.1. |
Simple Binary Oxides |
2.1.1.2. |
Complex Multicomponent Oxides |
2.1.2. |
Metals and Metal Alloys |
2.1.3. |
Carbides and Nitrides |
2.1.4. |
Carbons |
2.1.5. |
Ion-Exchange Resins and Ionomers |
2.1.6. |
Molecularly Imprinted Catalysts |
2.1.7. |
Metal – Organic Frameworks |
2.1.8. |
Metal Salts |
2.2. |
Supported Catalysts |
2.2.1. |
Supports |
2.2.2. |
Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts |
2.2.3. |
Surface-Modified Oxides |
2.2.4. |
Supported Metal Catalysts |
2.2.5. |
Supported Sulfide Catalysts |
2.2.6. |
Hybrid Catalysts |
2.2.7. |
Ship-in-a-Bottle Catalysts |
2.2.8. |
Polymerization Catalysts |
2.3. |
Coated Catalysts |
3. |
Production of Heterogeneous Catalysts |
3.1. |
Unsupported Catalysts |
3.2. |
Supported Catalysts |
3.2.1. |
Supports |
3.2.2. |
Preparation of Supported Catalysts |
3.3. |
Unit Operations in Catalyst Production |
4. |
Characterization of Solid Catalysts |
4.1. |
Physical Properties |
4.1.1. |
Surface Area and Porosity |
4.1.2. |
Particle Size and Dispersion |
4.1.3. |
Structure and Morphology |
4.1.4. |
Local Environment of Elements |
4.2. |
Chemical Properties |
4.2.1. |
Surface Chemical Composition |
4.2.2. |
Valence States and Redox Properties |
4.2.3. |
Acidity and Basicity |
4.3. |
Mechanical Properties |
4.4. |
Characterization of Solid Catalysts under Working Conditions |
4.4.1. |
Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP Reactor) |
4.4.2. |
Use of Isotopes |
4.4.3. |
Use of Substituents, Selective Feeding, and Poisoning |
4.4.4. |
Spatially Resolved Analysis of the Fluid Phase over a Catalyst |
4.4.5. |
Spectroscopic Techniques |
5. |
Design and Technical Operation of Solid Catalysts |
5.1. |
Design Criteria for Solid Catalysts |
5.2. |
Catalytic Reactors |
5.2.1. |
Classification of Reactors |
5.2.2. |
Laboratory Reactors |
5.2.3. |
Industrial Reactors |
5.2.4. |
Special Reactor Types and Processes |
5.2.5. |
Simulation of Catalytic Reactors |
5.3. |
Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration |
5.3.1. |
Different Types of Deactivation |
5.3.2. |
Catalyst Regeneration |
5.3.3. |
Catalyst Reworking and Disposal |
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Further Reading
- D. K. Chakrabarty, B. Viswanathan: Heterogeneous Catalysis, New Age Science, Tunbridge Wells 2009.
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K. Ding,
Y. Uozumi (eds.):
Handbook of Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis,
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- E. M. Gaigneaux, M. Devillers, D. E. Vos, S. Hermans, P. Jacobs, J. Martens, R. Ruiz (eds.): Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts, Elsevier, Amsterdam 2006.
- D. L. Marmaduke (ed.): Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysis, Nova Science Publ., New York, NY 2008.
-
N. Mizuno (ed.):
Modern Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis,
Wiley-VCH,
Weinheim
2009.
10.1002/9783527627547 Google Scholar
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G. F. Swiegers:
Mechanical Catalysis,
Wiley,
Hoboken, NJ
2008.
10.1002/9780470384190 Google Scholar
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R. A. van Santen,
M. Neurock:
Molecular Heterogeneous Catalysis,
Wiley-VCH,
Weinheim
2006.
10.1002/9783527610846 Google Scholar
