Hafnium and Hafnium Compounds

Ralph H. Nielsen

Ralph H. Nielsen

Teledyne Wah Chang Albany, Albany, United States, 97321

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Gerhard Wilfing

Gerhard Wilfing

Chemetall GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany

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First published: 15 April 2010
Citations: 4

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Physical Properties

3.

Chemical Properties

4.

Occurrence and Raw Materials

5.

Production

5.1.

Ore Cracking

5.2.

Separation of Zirconium

5.3.

Winning of Metallic Hafnium

5.4.

Refining

6.

Environmental Protection

7.

Quality Specifications

8.

Analysis

9.

Storage and Transportation

10.

Uses

11.

Economic Aspects

12.

Hafnium Compounds

12.1.

Hafnium Borides

12.2.

Hafnium Tetrahydroborate

12.3.

Hafnium Carbide

12.4.

Hafnium Halides

12.5.

Hafnium Hydride

12.6.

Hafnium Nitride

12.7.

Hafnium Dioxide

12.8.

Other Derivatives

13.

Toxicology and Occupational Health

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