Coal

1.	Coal Petrology
1.1.	Coal Characterization
1.2.	The Maceral Concept
1.3.	Maceral Types and Properties
2.	Coalification
3.	Occurrence
3.1.	Coal Seam Occurrence
3.2.	Coal Seam Structures
3.3.	Coal Seam Distribution
4.	Classification
5.	Chemical Structure of Coal
5.1.	Characterization of Coals
5.1.1.	Standard Analytical Methods
5.1.2.	Laboratory and Bench-Scale Simulation Tests
5.1.3.	Petrographic Studies
5.2.	Structural Deductions from Analytical and Bench-Scale Data
5.3.	Bonding of Elements in Coal
5.4.	Structural Evidence of Coals
6.	Coal Mining
6.1.	General Considerations
6.2.	Surface or Underground Mining
6.3.	Coal Methods
6.4.	Underground Coal Mining Methods
7.	Coal Preparation
7.1.	Hard Coal Preparation
7.1.1.	Preliminary Treatment
7.1.2.	Wet Treatment
7.1.2.1.	Cleaning in Jigs
7.1.2.2.	Cleaning in Dense-Media Separators
7.1.2.3.	Cleaning by Flotation
7.1.2.4.	Other Cleaning Methods
7.1.3.	Dewatering
7.1.4.	Decantation and Thickening of the Process Water
7.1.5.	Dosing and Blending
7.1.6.	Removal of Pyritic Sulfur
7.1.7.	Thermal Drying
7.2.	Brown Coal Preparation
8.	Agglomeration
9.	Coal Conversion (Uses)
9.1.	Pyrolysis
9.2.	Carbonization and Coking
9.3.	Coal Liquefaction
9.3.1.	Direct Liquefaction (Hydrogenation)
9.3.2.	Indirect Liquefaction
9.4.	Coal Gasification
9.5.	Coal Combustion
9.6.	Nonenergetic Use of Coal
9.6.1.	Extraction of Montan Wax
9.6.2.	Coal Tar Chemical Industry
9.6.3.	Production of Carbonaceous Adsorbents
10.	Transportation
11.	Coal Storage
12.	Quality and Quality Testing
12.1.	Chemical Analyses
12.2.	Mineral Matter
12.3.	Thermal Properties
13.	Economic Aspects
13.1.	World Outlook
13.2.	Some Major Coal Producing Countries
13.2.1.	China
13.2.2.	United States
13.2.3.	Former Soviet Union
13.2.4.	India
13.2.5.	Australia
13.2.6.	Republic of South Africa
13.2.7.	Indonesia
13.2.8.	Poland
13.2.9.	Germany
13.2.10.	Columbia

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