Intrauterine growth restriction modifies gene expression profiling in cord blood
Corresponding Author
Taketoshi Yoshida
Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
Correspondence: Taketoshi Yoshida, MD PhD, Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorIchiro Takasaki
Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHirokazu Kanegane
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorSatomi Inomata
Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYasunori Ito
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorKentaro Tamura
Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorMasami Makimoto
Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorShigeru Saito
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorToshio Miyawaki
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Taketoshi Yoshida
Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
Correspondence: Taketoshi Yoshida, MD PhD, Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorIchiro Takasaki
Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHirokazu Kanegane
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorSatomi Inomata
Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYasunori Ito
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorKentaro Tamura
Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorMasami Makimoto
Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorShigeru Saito
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorToshio Miyawaki
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background
Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns are at an increased risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality and development of metabolic syndromes such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adulthood. The mechanism underlying this increased risk remains unclear. In this study, genetic modifications of cord blood were investigated to characterize fetal change in SGA newborns.
Methods
Gene expression in cord blood cells was compared between 10 SGA newborns and 10 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) newborns using microarray analysis. Pathway analysis was conducted using the Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base. To confirm the microarray analysis results, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for upregulated genes in SGA newborns.
Results
In total, 775 upregulated and 936 downregulated probes were identified in SGA newborns and compared with those in AGA newborns. Of these probes, 1149 were annotated. Most of these genes have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease and T2DM. There was good agreement between the RT-PCR and microarray analyses results.
Conclusions
Expression of certain genes was modified in SGA newborns in the fetal period. These genes have been associated with metabolic syndrome. To clarify the association between modified gene expression in cord blood and individual vulnerability to metabolic syndrome in adulthood, these SGA newborns will be have long-term follow up for examination of genetic and postnatal environmental factors. Gene expression of cord blood can be a useful and non-invasive method of investigation of genetic alterations in the fetal period.
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