Temporal and dynamic changes in gingival blood flow during progression of ligature-induced periodontitis
Corresponding Author
Ryutaro Kuraji
Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Correspondence
Ryutaro Kuraji, Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorYa-Hsin Wu
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Department of periodontology, China medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorSaki Mishiro
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYuuki Maeda
Department of General Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYukihiro Miyashita
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHiroshi Ito
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYoko Miwa
Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorMasataka Sunohara
Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYvonne Kapila
Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorYukihiro Numabe
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ryutaro Kuraji
Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Correspondence
Ryutaro Kuraji, Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorYa-Hsin Wu
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Department of periodontology, China medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorSaki Mishiro
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYuuki Maeda
Department of General Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYukihiro Miyashita
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHiroshi Ito
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYoko Miwa
Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorMasataka Sunohara
Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYvonne Kapila
Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorYukihiro Numabe
Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objectives
To evaluate temporal changes in gingival blood flow (GBF) during progression of periodontitis in rats using a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) approach and to characterize morphological and biochemical features in the periodontium associated with GBF.
Materials and Methods
Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into a ligature-induced periodontitis group and a control group. To induce periodontitis, ligatures were tied around maxillary first molars bilaterally. GBF was measured in palatal gingiva at pretreatment and following ligature placement after 30 min, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days using LDF with a non-contact probe. Bone loss and gene expression in gingival tissues were assessed using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Immunostaining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the maxilla was also histologically evaluated.
Results
GBF in the ligature group increased significantly compared with the control group 30 min after ligation. However, on days 3 and 7, GBF decreased in the ligature group. Also, after day 10, there was no difference in GBF between groups. The levels of alveolar bone loss, gene expression (interleukin-6, cluster of differentiation-31, VEGF-A, and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1), and immunostained VEGF-positive vessels correlated well with changes in GBF.
Conclusion Progression of Periodontitis
In rats was associated with a triphasic pattern of GBF, consisting of a short initial increase, followed by a rapid decrease, and then a gradual plateau phase.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
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