RESEARCH ARTICLE
Implications of the Last Glacial Maximum on the Genetic Diversity of Six Co-Distributed Taxa in the Baja California Peninsula
Anayeli Márquez-Márquez,
Raúl Octavio Martínez-Rincón,
Rafael Hernández-Guzmán,
Francisco Javier García-De León,
Anayeli Márquez-Márquez
Laboratorio de Genética Para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorRaúl Octavio Martínez-Rincón
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorRafael Hernández-Guzmán
CONAHCYT - Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Francisco Javier García-De León
Laboratorio de Genética Para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
Correspondence:
Francisco Javier García De León ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorAnayeli Márquez-Márquez,
Raúl Octavio Martínez-Rincón,
Rafael Hernández-Guzmán,
Francisco Javier García-De León,
Anayeli Márquez-Márquez
Laboratorio de Genética Para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorRaúl Octavio Martínez-Rincón
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorRafael Hernández-Guzmán
CONAHCYT - Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Francisco Javier García-De León
Laboratorio de Genética Para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
Correspondence:
Francisco Javier García De León ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 31 December 2024
Funding: This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías.
ABSTRACT
Aim
During the Last Glacial Maximum, the temperature in the Baja California Peninsula decreased and the precipitation increased compared to present climatic conditions. These changes influenced the geographic distribution and the demographic processes of plants and animals. This article aims to determine how Pleistocene and current climate impacted the geographic distribution and the genetic diversity patterns of six species co-distributed in the Baja California Peninsula.
Location
Northwest Mexico.
Taxon
A group of six species with desert affinities, two cacti (Pachycereus pringlei and Stenocereus gummosus), one spider (Pardosa sierra), one reptile (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) and two birds (Melanerpes uropygialis and Basilinna xantusii).
Methods
Meta-analysis of published microsatellite data was carried out for the previously mentioned species. Hierarchical generalised additive models (HGAMs) were used to assess the relationship between genetic diversity values and six abiotic predictors (latitude, elevation, current climate, habitat suitability, climatic stability and habitat suitability stability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present). The change in the distribution range from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present was found using potential distribution models (PDMs).
Results
HGAMs revealed that M. uropygialis showed a significant relationship between genetic diversity and climatic stability, while the genetic diversity of D. dorsalis responded to the current climate. The genetic diversity of M. uropygialis and P. pringlei was affected by habitat suitability change while in B. xantusii, genetic diversity changed with current habitat suitability. According to potential distribution models, four areas of northwest Mexico functioned as a refuge during the Last Glacial Maximum: the south of the peninsula, the region between the western tip of the Vizcaíno peninsula and Cedros Island, the upper Gulf of California and the coasts of Sonora. However, only the spatial patterns of predicted genetic diversity of M. uropygialis coincide with the location of Pleistocene refugia.
Main Conclusions
No evidence was found of a concerted response of species to climate change during the Pleistocene, only one species showed evidence of discrete Pleistocene refugia and climatic stability and habitat suitability are not always conducive to higher genetic diversity values.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The genetic diversity values for each locality, as well as the coordinates used to extract the climatic values used in the hierarchical generalised additive models, are found in Table S2 of the Supporting Information and in the Dryad data repository (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.crjdfn3f7).
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| jbi15075-sup-0001-DataS1.docxWord 2007 document , 2.8 MB |
Data S1. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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