Retrospective evaluation of mandibular incisor replacement with narrow neck implants

Abstract: The authors have retrospectively evaluated the clinical results of mandibular incisors replacement with narrow neck implants (NNI). Thirty-one patients treated consecutively for single or multiple lower incisor replacement with NNI with a mean follow-up of 23 months (range 18–42 months) were included in the study and were divided into three groups: single tooth, multiple unit restoration and restorations on adjacent implants.

Survival and success rates and soft tissue parameters such as modified plaque index (mPI), peri-implant probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and the papilla index were analyzed. Subjective evaluation was performed by patients and clinicians on visual analogue scales. The implants and prostheses showed a survival rate of 100% and an overall success rate of 94%. The distribution of mPI outcomes showed better results for the single tooth group. BOP was present in four of eight implants (50%) in the adjacent implant group, in one out of 20 implants in the single tooth group (5%) and in one out of 16 implants in the multi unit group (6%). The adjacent implant group showed a statistically significant increase in PPD. The Papilla Index showed a better outcome distribution in single tooth and multi unit groups. Patients' evaluation of treatment outcome was satisfactory in all groups, even though the best esthetic and functional results were found in single tooth and multi unit groups. The professional evaluation showed good outcomes for the single tooth and multi unit groups and statistically significant poorer results in the adjacent implants group. With the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that the replacement of lower incisors with NNI leads to favorable functional and esthetic results in cases of single-tooth or multiple-unit replacement. Worse results are achieved if two adjacent mandibular incisors are replaced with adjacent implants.