Opportunistic respiratory pathogens in the oral cavity of the elderly
Akio Tada,
Nobuhiro Hanada,
Akio Tada
Department of Oral Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNobuhiro Hanada
Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorAkio Tada,
Nobuhiro Hanada,
Akio Tada
Department of Oral Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNobuhiro Hanada
Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorCorrespondence: Akio Tada, Department of Oral Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan. Tel.: +81 48 458 6277; fax: +81 48 458 6288; e-mail: [email protected]
Editor: Willem van Leeuwen
Abstract
The oral cavity of the hospitalized or bedridden elderly is often a reservoir for opportunistic pathogens associated with respiratory diseases. Commensal flora and the host interact in a balanced fashion and oral infections are considered to appear following an imbalance in the oral resident microbiota, leading to the emergence of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The definition of the process involved in colonization by opportunistic respiratory pathogens needs to elucidate the factors responsible for the transition of the microbiota from commensal to pathogenic flora. The regulatory factors influencing the oral ecosystem can be divided into three major categories: the host defense system, commensal bacteria, and external pathogens. In this article, we review the profile of these categories including the intricate cellular interaction between immune factors and commensal bacteria and the disturbance in homeostasis in the oral cavity of hospitalized or bedridden elderly, which facilitates oral colonization by opportunistic respiratory pathogens.
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