Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels in migraine, tension-type headache and cervicogenic headache
SH Bø
Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital,
Helse Sør-Øst Health Services Research Centre, Lorenskog,
Search for more papers by this authorEM Davidsen
Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital,
Search for more papers by this authorP Gulbrandsen
Helse Sør-Øst Health Services Research Centre, Lorenskog,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and
Search for more papers by this authorE Dietrichs
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and
Department of Neurology, Centre of Clinical Neurosciences, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo,
Search for more papers by this authorG Bovim
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim,
Department of Neuroscience and
Search for more papers by this authorLJ Stovner
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim,
Department of Neuroscience and
Norwegian National Headache Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Search for more papers by this authorLR White
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim,
Department of Neuroscience and
Search for more papers by this authorSH Bø
Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital,
Helse Sør-Øst Health Services Research Centre, Lorenskog,
Search for more papers by this authorEM Davidsen
Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital,
Search for more papers by this authorP Gulbrandsen
Helse Sør-Øst Health Services Research Centre, Lorenskog,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and
Search for more papers by this authorE Dietrichs
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and
Department of Neurology, Centre of Clinical Neurosciences, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo,
Search for more papers by this authorG Bovim
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim,
Department of Neuroscience and
Search for more papers by this authorLJ Stovner
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim,
Department of Neuroscience and
Norwegian National Headache Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Search for more papers by this authorLR White
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim,
Department of Neuroscience and
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Cytokines have been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from headache patients [infrequent episodic tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine with or without aura, all during attack, and cervicogenic headache] and compared with levels in pain-free individuals. Both proinflammatory [interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] and anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)] were included. There were significant group differences in IL-1ra, TGF-β1 and MCP-1 in episodic TTH and migraine compared with controls, and a significant difference in MCP-1 between cervicogenic headache and migraine with aura. Intrathecal MCP-1 correlated with IL-1ra, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in episodic TTH, and MCP-1 with IL-10 in migraine with aura. Cytokine increases were modest compared with those often accompanying serious neurological conditions, and may represent a mild response to pain. We believe this to be the first comparative study of CSF cytokine levels in connection with headache.
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