Spitzer IRAC infrared colours of submillimetre-bright galaxies
Corresponding Author
Min S. Yun
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorItziar Aretxaga
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Ópitca y Electrónica (INAOE), Tonantzintla, Peubla, México
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew L. N. Ashby
Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJason Austermann
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGiovanni G. Fazio
Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMauro Giavalisco
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJia–Sheng Huang
Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid H. Hughes
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Ópitca y Electrónica (INAOE), Tonantzintla, Peubla, México
Search for more papers by this authorSungeun Kim
Astronomy and Space Sciences Department, Sejong University, 98 Kwangjin-gu, Kunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Korea
Search for more papers by this authorJames D. Lowenthal
Astronomy Department, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01060, USA
Search for more papers by this authorThushara Perera
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKim Scott
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGrant Wilson
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJoshua D. Younger
Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Min S. Yun
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorItziar Aretxaga
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Ópitca y Electrónica (INAOE), Tonantzintla, Peubla, México
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew L. N. Ashby
Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJason Austermann
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGiovanni G. Fazio
Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMauro Giavalisco
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJia–Sheng Huang
Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid H. Hughes
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Ópitca y Electrónica (INAOE), Tonantzintla, Peubla, México
Search for more papers by this authorSungeun Kim
Astronomy and Space Sciences Department, Sejong University, 98 Kwangjin-gu, Kunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Korea
Search for more papers by this authorJames D. Lowenthal
Astronomy Department, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01060, USA
Search for more papers by this authorThushara Perera
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKim Scott
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGrant Wilson
Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJoshua D. Younger
Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorABSTRACT
High-redshift submillimetre-bright galaxies identified by blank field surveys at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths appear in the region of the Infra Red Array Camera (IRAC) colour–colour diagrams previously identified as the domain of luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our analysis using a set of empirical and theoretical dusty starburst spectral energy distribution (SED) models shows that power-law continuum sources associated with hot dust heated by young (≲100 Myr old), extreme starbursts at z > 2 also occupy the same general area as AGNs in the IRAC colour–colour plots. A detailed comparison of the IRAC colours and SEDs demonstrates that the two populations are distinct from each other, with submillimetre-bright galaxies having a systematically flatter IRAC spectrum (≳1 mag bluer in the observed [4.5]–[8.0] colour). Only about 20 per cent of the objects overlap in the colour–colour plots, and this low fraction suggests that submillimetre galaxies powered by a dust-obscured AGN are not common. The red infrared colours of the submillimetre galaxies are distinct from those of the ubiquitous foreground IRAC sources, and we propose a set of infrared colour selection criteria for identifying SMG counterparts that can be used even in the absence of radio or Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) 24 μm data.
REFERENCES
- Alexander D. M. et al., 2003, AJ, 125, 383
- Aretxaga I., Hughes D. H., Chapin E., Gaztanaga E., Dunlop J., Ivison R. J., 2003, MNRAS, 342, 759
- Aretxaga I. et al., 2007, MNRAS, 379, 1571
- Ashby M. L. N. et al., 2006, ApJ, 644, 778
- Barger A. J., Cowie L. L., Sanders D. B., Fulton E., Taniguchi Y., Sato Y., Kawara K., Okuda H., 1998, Nat, 394, 248
- Barmby P. et al., 2006, ApJ, 642, 126
- Bertoldi F. et al., 2007, ApJS, 172, 132
- Blain A. W., Smail I., Ivison R. J., Kneib J.-P., Frayer D. T., 2002, Phys. Rep., 369, 111
- Chakrabarti S., Whitney B., 2008, ApJ, submitted (arXiv:0711.4361)
- Chapman S. C., Windhorst R., Odewahn S., Yan H., Conselice C., 2003, ApJ, 599, 92
- Chapman S. C., Blain A. W., Smail I., Ivison R. J., 2005, ApJ, 622, 772
- De Grijp M. H. K., Miley G. K., Lub J., De Jong T., 1985, Nat, 314, 240
- Donley J. L., Rieke G. H., Pérez-González P. G., Rigby J. R., Alonso-Herrero A., 2007, ApJ, 660, 167
- Eales S., Lilly S., Gear W., Dunne L., Bond J. R., Hammer F., Le Fèvre O., Crampton D., 1999, ApJ, 515, 518
- Efstathiou A., Rowan-Robinson M., 2003, MNRAS, 343, 322
- Efstathiou A., Rowan-Robinson M., Siebenmorgan R., 2000, MNRAS, 313, 734
- Egami E. et al., 2004, ApJS, 154, 130
-
Farrah D.,
Alfonso J.,
Efstathiou A.,
Rowan-Robinson M.,
Fox M.,
Clements D., 2003, MNRAS, 343, 585
10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06696.x Google Scholar
- Fazio G. G. et al., 2004, ApJS, 154, 39
- Ferrarese L., Merritt D., 2000, ApJ, 539, 9
- Gebhardt K. et al., 2000, ApJ, 539, 13
- Greve T. R., Ivison R. J., Bertoldi F., Stevens J. A., Dunlop J. S., Lutz D., Carilli C. L., 2004, MNRAS, 354, 779
- Greve T. R. et al., 2005, MNRAS, 359, 1165
- Greve T. R., Stern D., Ivison R. J., De Breuck C., Kovacs A., Bertoldi F., 2007, MNRAS, 382, 48
- Groves B., Dopita M. A., Sutherland R. S., Kewley L. J., Fischera J., Leitherer C., Brandl B., Van Breugel W., 2008, ApJS, 176, 438
- Huang J.-S. et al., 2004, ApJS, 154, 44
- Hughes D. H. et al., 1998, Nat, 394, 241
- Indebetouw R. et al., 2007, ApJ, 619, 931
- Iono D. et al., 2006, ApJ, 640, L1
- Ivison R. J. et al., 2002, MNRAS, 337, 1
- Ivison R. J. et al., 2005, MNRAS, 364, 1025
- Lacy M. et al., 2004, ApJS, 154, 166
- Laurent G. T. et al., 2006, ApJ, 623, 742
- Magorrian J. et al., 1998, AJ, 115, 2285
- Martínez-Sansigre A., Lacy M., Sajina A., Rawlings S., 2008, ApJ, 674, 676
- Menéndez-Delmestre K. et al., 2007, ApJ, 655, L65
- Mortier A. M. J. et al., 2005, MNRAS, 363, 563
- Norman C., Scoville N. Z., 1988, ApJ, 332, 124
- Polletta M. et al., 2007, ApJ, 663, 81
- Pope A. et al., 2006, MNRAS, 370, 1185
- Pope A. et al., 2008, ApJ, 675, 1171
- Rigby J. R. et al., 2008, ApJ, 675, 262
- Román-Zúniga C. G., Lada C. J., Muench A., Alves J. F., 2007, ApJ, 664, 357
- Sanders D. B., Soifer B. T., Elias J. H., Madore B. F., Matthews K., Neugebauer G., Scoville N. Z., 1988, ApJ, 325, 74
- Sanders D. B. et al., 2007, ApJS, 86
- Sawicki M., 2002, AJ, 124, 3050
- Schneider D. P. et al., 2003, AJ, 126, 2579
-
Scott S. E.
et al., 2002, MNRAS, 331, 817
10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05193.x Google Scholar
- Scott K. S. et al., 2008, MNRAS, 385, 2225
- Scoville N. Z. et al., 2007, ApJS, 172, 1
- Siebenmorgen R., Krügel E., 2007, A&A, 461, 445
- Silva L., Granato G. L., Bressan A., Danese L., 1998, ApJ, 509, 103
- Simpson C., Eisenhardt P., 1999, PASP, 111, 691
- Smail I., Ivison R. J., Blain A. W., 1997, ApJ, 490, L5
- Stern D. et al., 2005, ApJ, 631, 163
- Tacconi L. J. et al., 2006, ApJ, 640, 228
- Valiante E., Lutz D., Sturm E., Genzel R., Tacconi L. J., Lehnert M. D., Baker A. J., 2007, ApJ, 660, 1060
- Vega O., Clemens M. S., Bressan A., Granato G. L., Silva L., Panuzzo P., 2008, A&A, 484, 631
- Wang W.-H., Cowie L. L., Barger A. J., 2004, ApJ, 613, 655
- Wang W.-H., Cowie L. L., Barger A. J., 2006, ApJ, 647, 74
- Wang W.-H., Cowie L. L., Van Saders J., Barger A. J., Williams J. P., 2007, ApJ, 670, L89
- Webb T. M. A. et al., 2006, ApJ, 636, L17
- Wilson G. W. et al., 2008a, MNRAS, 386, 807
- Wilson G. W. et al., 2008b, MNRAS, submitted (arXiv:0803.3462)
- Younger J. D. et al., 2007, ApJ, 671, 1531
- Younger J. D. et al., 2008, MNRAS, 387, 707
- Yun M. S., Carilli C. L., 2002, ApJ, 568, 88
- Yun M. S., Reddy N., Condon J. J., 2001, ApJ, 554, 803
