Volume 321, Issue 1 pp. 181-198
INVITED REVIEW

Stimuli-responsive nanodelivery systems for amplifying immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy

Wenhao Xu

Wenhao Xu

Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China

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Wangrui Liu

Wangrui Liu

Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jianfeng Yang

Jianfeng Yang

Department of Surgery, ShangNan Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jiahe Lu

Jiahe Lu

Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China

School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

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Hailiang Zhang

Corresponding Author

Hailiang Zhang

Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China

Correspondence

Dingwei Ye and Hailiang Zhang, Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

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Dingwei Ye

Corresponding Author

Dingwei Ye

Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China

Correspondence

Dingwei Ye and Hailiang Zhang, Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

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First published: 05 July 2023
Citations: 8

Wenhao Xu, Wangrui Liu and Jianfeng Yang have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.

This article is part of a series of reviews covering Mechanisms of programmed cell death appearing in Volume 321 of Immunological Reviews.

Summary

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a special pattern of tumor cell death, enabling to elicit tumor-specific immune response via the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and tumor-associated antigens in the tumor microenvironment. ICD-induced immunotherapy holds the promise for completely eliminating tumors and long-term protective antitumor immune response. Increasing ICD inducers have been discovered for boosting antitumor immunity via evoking ICD. Nonetheless, the utilization of ICD inducers remains insufficient owing to serious toxic reactions, low localization efficiency within the tumor microenvironmental niche, etc. For overcoming such limitations, stimuli-responsive multifunctional nanoparticles or nanocomposites with ICD inducers have been developed for improving immunotherapeutic efficiency via lowering toxicity, which represent a prospective scheme for fostering the utilization of ICD inducers in immunotherapy. This review outlines the advances in near-infrared (NIR)-, pH-, redox-, pH- and redox-, or NIR- and tumor microenvironment-responsive nanodelivery systems for ICD induction. Furthermore, we discuss their clinical translational potential. The progress of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles in clinical settings depends upon the development of biologically safer drugs tailored to patient needs. Moreover, an in-depth comprehending of ICD biomarkers, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and ICD inducers may accelerate the advance in smarter multifunctional nanodelivery systems to further amplify ICD.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties.