Bedtime, body mass index and obesity risk in preschool-aged children
Melyssa Roy
Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorJillian J. Haszard
Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer S. Savage
Center for Childhood Obesity Research and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKimberly Yolton
Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDean W. Beebe
Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Search for more papers by this authorYingying Xu
Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBarbara Galland
Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorIan M. Paul
Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJodi A. Mindell
Saint Joseph's University and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSeema Mihrshahi
Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, School of Public Health University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorLi Ming Wen
Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, School of Public Health University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorBarry Taylor
Office of the Dean, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorRosalina Richards
Centre for Pacific Health, Va'a o Tautai, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorLisa Te Morenga
School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Rachael W. Taylor
Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Correspondence
Rachael W. Taylor, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMelyssa Roy
Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorJillian J. Haszard
Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer S. Savage
Center for Childhood Obesity Research and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKimberly Yolton
Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDean W. Beebe
Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Search for more papers by this authorYingying Xu
Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBarbara Galland
Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorIan M. Paul
Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJodi A. Mindell
Saint Joseph's University and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSeema Mihrshahi
Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, School of Public Health University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorLi Ming Wen
Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, School of Public Health University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorBarry Taylor
Office of the Dean, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorRosalina Richards
Centre for Pacific Health, Va'a o Tautai, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorLisa Te Morenga
School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Rachael W. Taylor
Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Correspondence
Rachael W. Taylor, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 393112; AP1003780; Health Research Council of New Zealand; National Institutes of Health, Grant/Award Numbers: P01 ES011261, R01 ES014575, R01 DK088244, UL1TR000; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grant/Award Number: 2011-67001-30117
Summary
Background
Although sleep duration is a risk factor for obesity in young children, less is known about other aspects of sleep health, including bedtime, on obesity risk.
Objective
To determine whether bedtime is associated with body mass index (BMI) z-score or obesity risk in children ages 2 to 5 years, and to determine if associations are independent of sleep duration.
Methods
Cohort analyses were undertaken using three early life obesity prevention trials (POI, INSIGHT, Healthy Beginnings) and a longitudinal cohort study (HOME). Bedtime was assessed by questionnaire and BMI through clinical measurement between 2 and 5 years in 1642 children. Adjusted regression models examined whether BMI z-score and obesity (BMI z-score ≥ 2) were associated with bedtime, nocturnal sleep time and 24-hour sleep time. A discrete mixture model categorized children into bedtime trajectory groups across time points.
Results
Bedtime was inconsistently associated with BMI z-score. Although each hour later of bedtime was associated with greater odds of obesity at ages 3 (OR; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.003, 1.10) and 5 (1.35; 1.08, 1.69) years, odds were attenuated after adjustment for nocturnal or 24-hour sleep time. Longer nocturnal sleep duration at 2 years was associated with lower odds of obesity (OR 0.90; 0.86, 0.94), as was longer 24-hour sleep duration at 3 years in girls (0.70; 0.62, 0.78). BMI z-score and odds of obesity were not significantly different between ‘early to bed’ and ‘late to bed’ trajectory groups.
Conclusions
Timing of bedtime appears inconsistently related to obesity in young children, possibly via influencing overall sleep duration.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Supporting Information
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Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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