Yao syndrome: a novel systemic autoinflammatory disease with cutaneous manifestations
Conflict of interest: Dr. Alavi is a consultant for Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim (BI), InflaRx, Incyte, Novartis, and UCB. She is a Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation board member and principal investigator for Processa and BI. Dr. Marzano reports disease-relevant honoraria from consultancy/advisory boards of AbbVie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen, Sanofi, and UCB. Dr. Davis has a research grant from Pfizer and technology licensing agreements with Girihlet and Remission Medical. The rest of the authors have no conflict of interest.
Funding source: None.
Abstract
Yao syndrome (YAOS) is a novel systemic autoinflammatory disease linked to the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD2) gene. It is characterized by periodic fevers, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, arthritis, and dermatitis, among other symptoms. A sparse literature exists on this disease, and little is known about its dermatological manifestations. A review of available literature was performed to characterize the cutaneous manifestations of Yao syndrome. Cutaneous manifestations were documented in 85.7% of patients, with common characteristic descriptions of erythematous patches and plaques involving the face, trunk, abdomen, and extremities. Based on our review of treatment modalities employed for Yao syndrome, prednisone is an appropriate initial approach, with oral sulfasalazine and other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs serving as appropriate secondary options. YAOS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with a dermatitic rash, especially in the context of concurrent articular symptoms, periodic fever, and GI symptoms.
