Volume 39, Issue 3 e12797
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A study on specific learning algorithms pertaining to classify lung cancer disease

Malavika Saminathan

Malavika Saminathan

School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India

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Manikandan Ramachandran

Corresponding Author

Manikandan Ramachandran

School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India

Correspondence

Manikandan Ramachandran, School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India.

Email: [email protected]

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Ambeshwar Kumar

Ambeshwar Kumar

School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India

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Kulandaivel Rajkumar

Kulandaivel Rajkumar

School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India

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Ashish Khanna

Ashish Khanna

CSE Department, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

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Prakashkumar Singh

Prakashkumar Singh

Department of Computer Science &Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Mainpuri, India

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First published: 20 August 2021
Citations: 3

Abstract

Lung cancer is a worldwide precarious disease and it is encouraged by the abnormal growth of cells in bronchi. Spotting the cancer cells is unknown until it leads to respiration issues and the muddling of organs working. Due to problems, limited or incorrect selection of hypothesis space, and dropping into local minima, single learners often give erratic output in an existing approach. The ensemble method accomplished a dataset that is free and composed of computed tomography (CT) images. The annotation process reveals observed lung lesions and provides a degree of malignancy for each lesion. Detection of benign and malignant nodules is recognized using deep convolutional frameworks AlexNet, SqueezeNet, GoogleNet, ResNet, and Inception ResNet, achieves higher accuracy (93%) than other convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Eight machine learning methods are involved for achieving better performance. The prediction probability obtained from CNN is applied as input to support vector machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), naive Bayes (NB), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), decision trees (DT), gradient boosted regression trees (GBRT), and adaptive boosting. The composition of GoogleNet model and AdaBoost classifier reached the most coherent classification accuracy as 99%. This is one of the best ways to analyse early detection and it increases the survival rate. Therefore, the result from the proposed deep CNN and ML technique achieves better precision than sputum cytology, X-Ray process, and earlier detection of lung cancer.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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