Adolescent cannabis and tobacco use are associated with opioid use in young adulthood—12-year longitudinal study in an urban cohort
Corresponding Author
Johannes Thrul
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Correspondence to: Johannes Thrul, Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Room 887, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. E-mail: [email protected]Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorJill A. Rabinowitz
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorBeth A. Reboussin
Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorBrion S. Maher
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization
Search for more papers by this authorNicholas S. Ialongo
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Johannes Thrul
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Correspondence to: Johannes Thrul, Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Room 887, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. E-mail: [email protected]Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorJill A. Rabinowitz
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorBeth A. Reboussin
Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorBrion S. Maher
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization
Search for more papers by this authorNicholas S. Ialongo
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background and aims
Cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use are prevalent among youth in the United States and may be risk factors for opioid use. The current study aimed at investigating associations between developmental trajectories of cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use in adolescence and opioid use in young adulthood in an urban cohort over the span of 12 years.
Design
Cohort study of adolescents originally recruited for a randomized prevention trial with yearly assessments into young adulthood.
Setting
Nine urban elementary schools in Baltimore, MD in the United States.
Participants
Participants (n = 583, 86.8% African American, 54.7% male) were originally recruited as first grade students.
Measurements
Cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use were assessed annually from ages 14–18 years and opioid use from ages 19–26. Socio-demographics were assessed at age 6. Intervention status was also randomly assigned at age 6. Gender, race, free/reduced-priced lunch and intervention status were included as covariates in individual and sequential growth models.
Findings
There were significant positive associations between the cannabis use intercept at age 14 and the opioid use intercept at age 19 (beta = 1.43; P = 0.028), the tobacco use intercept at age 14 and the opioid use intercept at age 19 (beta = 0.82; P = 0.042). Specifically, more frequent use of cannabis or tobacco at age 14 was associated with more frequent use of opioids at age 19.
Conclusions
Cannabis and tobacco use in early adolescence may be risk factors for opioid use in young adulthood among African Americans living in urban areas.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| add15183-sup-0001-Table A1.docxWord 2007 document , 14.8 KB |
Table S1. Separate unconditional growth models parameter estimates involving cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol use during adolescence (age 14–18) and opioid use in young adulthood (age 19–26) (N = 583). |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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