Role of psychosocial reserve capacity in anxiety and depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Geraldine Zamora-Racaza
Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Desiree R. Azizoddin
Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Correspondence: Ms Desiree R. Azizoddin, Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMariko L. Ishimori
Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorSarah R. Ormseth
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorDaniel J. Wallace
Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorEster G. Penserga
Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorLekeisha Sumner
Department of Psychology, Alliant University, Alhambra, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorJulia Ayeroff
Post-baccalaureate Premedical Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorTaylor Draper
Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorPerry M. Nicassio
Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorMichael H. Weisman
Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorGeraldine Zamora-Racaza
Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Desiree R. Azizoddin
Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Correspondence: Ms Desiree R. Azizoddin, Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMariko L. Ishimori
Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorSarah R. Ormseth
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorDaniel J. Wallace
Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorEster G. Penserga
Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorLekeisha Sumner
Department of Psychology, Alliant University, Alhambra, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorJulia Ayeroff
Post-baccalaureate Premedical Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorTaylor Draper
Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorPerry M. Nicassio
Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorMichael H. Weisman
Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
These authors equally contributed to the work.Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Aim
To examine the relationship between reserve capacity measures and anxiety/depression among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from Southern California (SoCal), United States and Manila, Philippines.
Methods
A total of 235 participants with SLE completed self-reported scales to assess anxiety/depression and psychosocial reserve capacity measures (self-esteem, optimism, personal mastery/coping skills, social support), socioeconomic status (SES) data, and Mexican SLE Disease Activity Index. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests, Chi-square, and point-biserial and Pearson correlations.
Results
Overall, participants from Manila reported lower SES than SoCal participants. Over half of Manila and SoCal participants (69% and 59.1%, respectively) reported high anxiety scores. SoCal participants had higher depression scores than Filipinos (66%, 27%, respectively, P < 0.001) despite appearing to be more resilient by exhibiting higher scores for all reserve capacity measures (P < 0.001). Participants with low self-esteem scores from both groups had higher anxiety and depression scores. SoCal participants who reported lower optimism, lower personal mastery and lower social support were more anxious and depressed, while Filipinos low on these three variables reported less depressive symptoms.
Conclusion
Reduced psychosocial reserve capacity in individuals leads to vulnerabilities that may ultimately result in greater disease burden and psychological distress. Low self-esteem, optimism, coping and social support were associated with depression and low self-esteem was associated with anxiety for both groups. Despite the Filipino cohort's lower reserve capacity and SES, Filipino patients exhibited less depression than their SoCal counterparts, suggesting that other factors may protect them from experiencing depression.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| apl13033-sup-0001-AppendixS1-S7.docxWord document, 63.6 KB |
Appendix S1. Data Collection Form. Appendix S2. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Appendix S3. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Filipino version (HADS-P). Appendix S4. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Appendix S5. Social Provisions Scale (Daniel Russell & Carolyn Cutrona, 1984). Appendix S6. Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Appendix S7. Personal Mastery Scale. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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