The Relationship Between Hard Tissue and Soft Tissue Dimensions of the Nose in Children: A 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
Eman Allam B.D.S., Ph.D.
Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorPhilani Mpofu B.A.
Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
Search for more papers by this authorAhmed Ghoneima B.D.S., Ph.D., M.S.
Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
Department of Orthodontics, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, UAE
Search for more papers by this authorMihran Tuceryan Ph.D.
Department of Computer Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Katherine Kula M.S., D.M.D., M.S.
Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
Corresponding author: Katherine Kula, M.S., D.M.D., M.S. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorEman Allam B.D.S., Ph.D.
Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorPhilani Mpofu B.A.
Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
Search for more papers by this authorAhmed Ghoneima B.D.S., Ph.D., M.S.
Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
Department of Orthodontics, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, UAE
Search for more papers by this authorMihran Tuceryan Ph.D.
Department of Computer Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Katherine Kula M.S., D.M.D., M.S.
Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
Corresponding author: Katherine Kula, M.S., D.M.D., M.S. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
This study using three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of children determined relationships between nasal skeletal and soft tissue measurements and assessed the association with sex, age, and skeletal maturation stage. Following reliability studies, skeletal and soft tissue parameters were measured on coded CBCTs of 73 children (28M:45F;6–13 yoa). Pearson and Mantel correlations were used to analyze associations between skeletal and soft tissues. Partial Mantel correlations were used to study the associations between skeletal and soft tissue, adjusting for sex, age, and skeletal maturation. Linear regression analyses were used to predict soft tissues sizes. Logistic regression was used to study the relationships between soft and skeletal tissue symmetry. Except for nasal aperture width and interalar width, skeletal landmarks best predicted corresponding soft tissue landmarks. Significant positive associations existed between skeletal and soft tissues after adjusting for sex, skeletal maturation, and age. Children's nasal skeletal tissues predicted nasal soft tissue reasonably well.
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