Non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic cells: their roles in the control and treatment of leukaemias
Mark W. Lowdell,
Lawrence Lamb,
Christine Hoyle,
Andrea Velardi,
H. Grant Prentice,
Mark W. Lowdell
Department of Haematology – RF-Campus, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK,
Search for more papers by this authorLawrence Lamb
Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA,
Search for more papers by this authorChristine Hoyle
Department of Haematology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK, and
Search for more papers by this authorAndrea Velardi
Division of Haematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorH. Grant Prentice
Department of Haematology – RF-Campus, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK,
Search for more papers by this authorMark W. Lowdell,
Lawrence Lamb,
Christine Hoyle,
Andrea Velardi,
H. Grant Prentice,
Mark W. Lowdell
Department of Haematology – RF-Campus, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK,
Search for more papers by this authorLawrence Lamb
Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA,
Search for more papers by this authorChristine Hoyle
Department of Haematology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK, and
Search for more papers by this authorAndrea Velardi
Division of Haematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorH. Grant Prentice
Department of Haematology – RF-Campus, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK,
Search for more papers by this author Dr Mark W. Lowdell, Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College Medical School (RF-Campus), London NW3 2PF, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
References
- Abo, T., Watanabe, H., Sato, K., Iiai, T., Moroda, T., Takeda, K., Seki, S. (1995) Extrathymic T cells stand at an intermediate phylogenetic position between natural killer cells and thymus-derived T cells. Natural Immunology, 14, 173–198.
- Adler, A., Chervenick, P.A., Whiteside, T., Lotzova, E., Herberman, R.B. (1988) Interleukin-2 induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of acute leukemia patients. I. Feasibility of LAK generation in adult patients with active disease and in remission. Blood, 71, 709–716.
- Anderson, P.M., Bach, F.H., Ochoa, A.C. (1988) Augmentation of cell number and LAK activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated with anti-CD3 and IL2. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, 27, 82–88.
- Attal, M., Blaise, D., Marit, G., Payen, C., Michallet, M., Vernant, J.P., Sauvage, C., Troussard, X., Nedellac, G., Pico, J. (1995) Consolidation treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective randomized trial comparing allogeneic versus autologous bone marrow transplantation and testing the impact of recombinant interleukin-2 after autologous bone marrow transplantation. BGMT Group. Blood, 86, 1619–1628.
- Aversa, F., Tabilio, A., Velardi, A., Cunningham, I., Terenzi, A., Falzetti, F., Ruggeri, L., Barbabietola, G., Aristei, C., Latini, P., Reisner, Y., Martelli, M.F. (1998) Transplantation for high-risk acute leukemia with high doses of T cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cells from haploidentical ‘three loci’ incompatible donors. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 1186–1193.
- Baker, J., Verneris, M., Ito, M., Shizuru, J., Negrin, R.S. (2001) Expansion of cytolytic CD8+ NK.-T cells with limited capacity for GvHD induction due to interferon-gamma production. Blood, 97, 2923–2931 .
- Battistini, L., Salvetti, M., Falcone, B., Raine, C.S., Brosnan, C.F. (1995) Gamma delta T cell receptor analysis supports a role for HSP 70 selection of lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions. Molecular Medicine, 1, 554–562.
- Benyunes, M.C., Massumoto, C., York, A., Higuchi, C.M., Buckner, C.D., Thomson, J.A., Petersen, F.B., Fefer, A. (1993) Interleukin-2 with or without lymphokine-activated killer cells as consolidative immunotherapy after autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 12, 159–163.
- Bigby, M., Markowitz, J.M., Bleicher, P.A., Grusby, M.J., Simha, S., Siebrecht, M., Wagner, M., Nagler-Anderson, C., Glimcher, L.H. (1993) Most γδ T cells develop normally in the absence of MHC class II antigens. Journal of Immunology, 151, 4465–4475.
- Blazar, B.R., Taylor, P.A., Bluestone, J.A., Vallera, D.A. (1996) Murine γδ-expressing T cells affect alloengraftment via the recognition of nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class Ib antigens. Blood, 87, 4463–4472.
- Bonnet, D., Warren, E.H., Greenberg, P.D., Dick, J.E., Riddell, S.R. (1999) CD8+ minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones eliminate human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 8639–8644.
- Carella, A.M., Giralt, S., Slavin, S. (2000) Low intensity regimens with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as treatment of hematologic neoplasia. Haematologica, 85, 304–313.
- Cela, M.E., Holliday, M.S., Rooney, C.M., Richardson, S., Alexander, B., Krance, R.A., Brenner, M.K., Heslop, H.E. (1996) γδ+ T lymphocyte regeneration after T lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow transplantation from mismatched family members or matched unrelated donors. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 17, 243–247.
- Chan, S.H., Perussia, B., Gupta, J.W., Kobayashi, M., Pospisil, M., Young, H.A., Wolf, S.F., Young, D., Clark, S.C., Trinchieri, G. (1991) Induction of interferon-γ production by natural killer cell stimulatory factor: characterization of the responder cells and synergy with other inducers. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 173, 869–879.
- Chouaib, F., Porto, P., Delorme, D., Hercend, T. (1991) Further evidence for a γδ T cell receptor-mediated TCT.1/CD48 recognition. Journal of Immunology, 147, 2864–2867.
-
Cortes, J.E.,
Kantarjian, H.M.,
O'Brien, S.,
Giles, F.,
Keating, M.L.,
Freireich, E.J.,
Estey, E.H. (1999) A pilot study of interleukin-2 for adult patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia in first complete remission.
Cancer, 85, 1506–1513.DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990401)85:7<1506::aid-cncr11>3.0.co;2-o
10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990401)85:7<1506::aid-cncr11>3.0.co;2-o CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Duval, M., Yotnda, P., Bensussan, A., Oudhiri, N., Guidal, C., Rohrlich, P., Boumsell, L., Grandchamp, B., Vilmer, E. (1995) Potential antileukemic effect of gamma delta T cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia, 9, 863–868.
- Ellison, C.A., MacDonald, G.C., Rector, E.S., Gartner, J.G. (1995) γδ T. cells in the pathobiology of murine acute graft-versus-host disease. Journal of Immunology, 155, 4189–4198.
- Esslin, A. & Formby, B. (1991) Comparison of cytolytic and proliferative activities of human αβ and γδ T cells from peripheral blood against various human tumor cell lines. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 83, 1564–1568.
- Fisch, P., Malkovska, M., Braakman, E., Sturm, E., Bolhuis, R.L., Prieve, A., Sosman, J.A., Lam, V.A., Sondel, P.M. (1990) Gamma/delta T cell clones and natural killer cell clones mediate distinct patterns of non-major histocompatibility-restricted cytolysis. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 171, 1567–1579.
- Goodman, M., Cabral, L., Cassileth, P. (1998) Interleukin-2 and leukemia. Leukemia, 12, 1671–1675.
- Gottlieb, D.J., Brenner, M.K., Heslop, H., Bianchi, A.C.M., Bello-Fernandez, A.B., Mehta, A.B., Newland, A.C., Galazka, A.R., Scott, E.M., Hoffbrand, A.V., Prentice, H.G. (1989) A phase 1 clinical trial of recombinant interleukin 2 following high dose chemo-radiotherapy for haematological malignancy: applicability to the elimination of minimal residual disease. British Journal of Cancer, 60, 610–615.
- Gottlieb, D.J., Prentice, H.G., Mehta, A.B., Galazka, A.R., Heslop, H.E., Hoffbrand, A.V., Brenner, M.K. (1990) Malignant plasma cells are sensitive to LAK cell lysis: pre-clinical and clinical studies of interleukin 2 in the treatment of multiple myeloma. British Journal of Haematology, 75, 499–505.
- Hacker, G., Kromer, S., Falk, M., Heeg, K., Wagner, H., Pfeffer, K. (1992) Vδ1+ subset of human γδ T cells responds to ligands expressed by EBV-infected Burkitt lymphoma cells and transformed B lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology, 149, 3984–3989.
- Hamon, M.D., Prentice, H.G., Gottlieb, D.J., MacDonald, I.D., Cunningham, J.M., Smith, O.P., Gilmore, M., Gandhi, L., Collis, C. (1993) Immunotherapy with interleukin 2 after ABMT in AML. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 11, 399–401.
- Hasegawa, K., Ohtsuka, K., Shimizu, F., Kawachi, Y., Nakayama, M., Sato, K., Yamagiwa, S., Asakura, H., Abo, T. (1996) Induction of NK cells and intermediate TCR cells with protective ability from viral infectious death, at the early phase of herpes virus infection. Biomedical Research, 17, 67–79.
- Hayes, M.P., Wang, J., Norcross, M.A. (1995) Regulation of interleukin-12 expression in human monocytes. selective priming by interferon-gamma of lipopolysaccaride-inducible p35 and p40 genes. Blood, 86, 646–650.
- Henslee-Downey, P.J., Abhyankar, S.H., Parrish, R.S., Pati, A.R., Godder, K.T., Neglia, W.J., Goon-Johnson, K.S., Geier, S.S., Lee, C.G., Gee, A.P. (1997) Use of partially mismatched related donors extends access to allogeneic marrow transplant. Blood, 89, 3864–3872.
- Hercend, T., Meuer, S.C., Brennan, A., Edson, M.A., Acuto, O., Reinherz, E.L., Scholssman, S.F., Ritz, J. (1984) Natural killer-like function of activated T lymphocytes: differential blocking effects of monoclonal antibodies specific for a 90 kD clonotypic structure. Cellular Immunology, 86, 381–392.
- Horowitz, M.M., Gale, R.P., Sondel, P.M., Goldman, J.M., Kersey, J., Kolb, H.-J., Rimm, A.A., Ringden, O., Rozman, C., Truitt, R.L., Zwaan, F.E., Bortin, M.M. (1990) Graft-versus-leukemia reactions after bone marrow transplantation. Blood, 75, 555–562.
- Hoyle, C., Bangs, C.D., Chang, P., Kamel, O., Mehta, B., Negrin, R. (1998) Expansion of Philadelphia chromosome-negative CD3+CD56+ cytotoxic cells from chronic myeloid leukemia patients. in vitro and in vivo efficacy in severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice. Blood, 92, 3318–3327.
- Kaur, I., Voss, S.D., Gupta, R.S., Schell, K., Fisch, P., Sondel, P.M. (1993) Human peripheral gamma/delta T cells recognise hsp60 molecules on Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Journal of Immunology, 150, 2046–2055.
- Kawanishi, Y., Passweg, J., Drobowski, W.R., Rowlings, P., Cook-Craig, A., Casper, J., Pietryga, D., Garbrecht, F., Camitta, B., Horowitz, M., Juckett, M., Margolis, D., Flomenberg, N., Keever-Taylor, C.A. (1997) Effect of T cell subset dose on outcome of T cell depleted bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 19, 1069–1077.
- Kimoto, Y., Tanaka, T., Fujiwara, A., Fujita, M., Taguchi, T. (1992) Enhancing effect of pokeweed mitogen on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of lymphokine-activated killer cells. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 83, 631–637.
- Lamb, L., Henslee-Downey, P.J., Parrish, R.S., Godder, K., Thompson, J., Lee, C., Gee, A.P. (1996) Increased frequency of TCR-γδ+ T cells in disease-free survivors following T cell depleted partially mismatched bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia. Journal of Hematotherapy, 5, 503–509.
- Lamb, L.S., Henslee-Downey, P.J., Geier, S.S., Parrish, R.S., Hazlett, L., Pati, A.R., Godder, K., Abhyankar, S.A., Turner, M.W., Harris, W.G., Gee, A.P. (1998) Phenotypic and functional reconstitution of peripheral blood lymphocytes following T cell depleted bone marrow transplantation from partially mismatched related donors. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 21, 461–471.
- Lamb, L.S., Hazlett, L., Musk, P., O'Hanlon, T.P., Harris, W.G., McPherson, K., Parrish, R.S., Lee, C., Gee, A.P., Henslee-Downey, P.J. (1999) Influence of T cell depletion method on circulating γδ+ T cell reconstitution and potential role in the graft-versus-leukaemia effect. Cytotherapy, 1, 7–19.
- Lamb, L.S., Musk, P.Y.E.Z., Van Rhee, F., Geier, S., Tong, J.J., King, K.M., Henslee-Downey, P.J. (2001) Human γδ+ T lymphocytes have in vitro graft versus leukaemia activity in the absence of an allogeneic effect. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 27, 601–606 .
- Lanier, L. (1995) Unusual lymphocytes –γδ T cells and NK cells. The Immunologist, 3, 182–184.
- Lanier, L.L. (1998) NK. cell receptors. Annual Review of Immunology, 16, 359–393.
- Leger, O., Drexler, H.G., Reittie, J.E., Secker-Walker, L., Prentice, H.G., Brenner, M.K. (1987) Interleukin 2 enhances cytotoxic cell function in vitro after T-cell depleted marrow transplantation. British Journal of Haematology, 67, 273–279.
- Lehman, C., Zeis, M., Schmitz, N., Uharek, L. (2000) Impaired binding of perforin on the surface of tumor cells is a cause of target cell resistance against cytotoxic effector cells. Blood, 96, 594–600.
- Lowdell, M.W. & Koh, M.B.C. (2000) Immunotherapy of AML: future directions. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 53, 49–54.
- Lowdell, M.W., Ray, N., Craston, R., Corbett, T., Deane, M., Prentice, H.G. (1997) The in vitro detection of anti-leukemia-specific cytotoxicity after autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 19, 891–897.
- Lowdell, M.W., Craston, R., Prentice, H.G. (1999) Generation of autologous immunity to acute myeloid leukemia and maintenance of complete remission following alpha interferon treatment. Cytokines, Cellular and Molecular Therapy, 5, 119–121.
- Lu, P.H. & Negrin, R.S. (1994) A. novel population of expanded human CD3+CD56+ cells derived from T cells with potent in vivo anti-tumor activity in SCID mice. Journal of Immunology, 153, 1687–1696.
- Ma, X., Chow, J.M., Gri, G., Carra, G., Gerosa, F., Wolf, S.F., Dzialo, R., Trinchieri, G. (1996) The interleukin 12 p40 gene promoter is primed by interferon gamma in monocytic cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 183, 147–157.
- Marx, S., Wesch, D., Kabelitz, D. (1997) Activation of human γδ T cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Daudi lymphoma cells. Journal of Immunology, 158, 2842–2848.
- Mehta, B., Schmidt-Wolf, I.G.H., Weissman, L.L.R.S., Negrin, R.S. (1995) Two pathways of exocytosis of cytoplasmic granule contents and target cell killing by cytokine-induced CD3+CD56+ killer cells. Blood, 86, 3493–3499.
- Melenhorst, J., Van Luxemberg-Heijs, S., Landegent, J., Willemze, R., Fibbe, W., Falkenberg, J. (1999) Aplastic anemia in donor cells 14 years after bone-marrow transplant. The Lancet, 353, 2037–2038.DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01926-1
- Miller, J.S., Tessmer-Tuck, J., Pierson, B.A., Weisdorf, D., McGlave, P., Blazar, B.R., Katsanis, E., Verfaillie, C., Lebkowski, J., Radford, Jr, J., Burns, L.J. (1997) Low dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 after autologous transplantation generates sustained in vivo natural killer cell activity. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 3, 34–44.
- Molldrem, J.J., Lee, P.P., Wang, C., Felio, K., Kantarjian, H.M., Champlin, R.E., Davis, M.M. (2000) Evidence that specific T lymphocytes may participate in the elimination of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Nature Medicine, 6, 1018–1023.DOI: 10.1038/79526
- Moretta, A. & Moretta, L. (1997) HLA class I. specific inhibitory receptors. Current Opinion in Immunology, 9, 694–701.
- Neipp, M., Exner, B.G., Maru, D., Haber, M., Gammie, J.S., Pham, S.M., Ilstad, S.T. (1999) T-cell depletion of allogeneic bone marrow using anti-αβTCR monoclonal antibody: prevention of graft-versus-host disease without affecting engraftment potential in rats. Experimental Hematology, 27, 860–867.DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(99)00015-6
- Norton, J., Al-Saffar, N., Sloane, J.P. (1991) An immunohistological study of γδ lymphocytes in human cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 7, 205–208.
- Oblakowski, P., Bello-Fernandez, C., Rettie, J.E., Heslop, H.E., Galatowicz, G., Veys, P., Wilkes, S., Prentice, H.G., Hazelhurst, G., Hoffbrand, A.V., Brenner, M. (1991) Possible mechanisms of selective killing of myeloid leukemic blast cells by lymphokine-activated killer cells. Blood, 77, 1006–2001.
- Ochoa, A.C., Gromo, G., Alter, B.J., Sondel, P.M., Bach, F.H. (1987) Long term growth of LAK cells: role of anti-CD3, b-IL1, interferon-g and b. Journal of Immunology, 138, 2728–2733.
- Ohtsuka, K., Sato, K., Watanabe, H., Kimura, M., Asakura, H., Abo, T. (1995) Unique order of the lymphocyte subset induction in the liver and intestine of mice during Listeria monocytogenes infection. Cellular Immunology, 161, 112–124.DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1995.1015
- Ortaldo, J.R., Winkler-Pickett, R.T., Yagita, H., Young, H.A. (1991) Comparative studies of CD3- and CD3+CD56+ cells: examination of morphology, functions, T cell receptor rearrangement, and pore-forming protein expression. Cellular Immunology, 136, 486–495.
- Pierson, B.A. & Miller, J.S. (1997) The role of autologous natural killer cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia and Lymphoma, 27, 387–399.
- Price, G., Brenner, M.K., Prentice, H.G., Hoffbrand, A.V., Newland, A.C. (1987) Cytotoxic effects of tumour necrosis factor and gamma-interferon on acute myeloid leukaemia blasts. British Journal of Cancer, 55, 287–290.
- Raulet, D.H. (1989) The structure, function, and molecular genetics of the γδ T cell receptor. Annual Review of Immunology, 7, 175–207.
- Reisner, Y. & Martelli, M.F. (1999) Stem cell escalation enables HLA-disparate haematopoietic transplants in leukaemia patients. Immunology Today, 20, 343–347.DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5699(98)01428-5
- Rivoltini, L., Cattoretti, G., Arienti, F., Mastroianni, A., Melani, C., Colombo, M.P., Parmiani, G. (1991) The high lysability by LAK cells of colon-carcinoma cells resistant to doxorubicin is associated with a high expression of ICAM-1, LFA-3, NCA and a less differentiated phenotype. International Journal of Cancer, 47, 746–754.
- Robertson, L.E., Denny, A.W., Huh, Y.O., Plunkett, W., Keating, M.J., Nelson, J.A. (1996) Natural killer cell activity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients treated with fludarabine. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 37, 445–450.DOI: 10.1007/s002800050410
- Ruggeri, L., Capanni, M., Casucci, M., Volpi, I., Tosti, A., Perruccio, K., Urbani, E., Negrin, R.S., Martelli, M.F., Velardi, A. (1999) Role of natural killer cell alloreactivity in HLA-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood, 94, 333–339.
- Ruggeri, L., Capanni, M., Urbani, E., Aversa, F., Martelli, M.F., Velardi, A. (2000a) KIR epitope incompatibility in the graft-vs.-host direction predicts control of leukaemia relapse after mismatched hematopoietic transplantation. Blood, 96, 479a.
- Ruggeri, L., Capanni, M., Aristei, C., Martelli, M.F., Velardi, A. (2000b) Mini mismatched transplantation in the mouse by the use of alloreactive NK cells for conditioning. Blood, 96, 473a.
- Schilbach, K.E., Geiselhart, A., Wessles, J.T., Niethammer, D., Handgretinger, R. (2000) Human γδ T lymphocytes exert natural and IL-2-induced cytotoxicity to neuroblastoma cells. Journal of Immunotherapy, 23, 536–548.
- Schild, H., Mavaddat, N., Litzenberger, C., Ehrlich, E.W., Davis, M.M., Bluestone, J.A., Matis, L., Draper, R.K., Chien, Y. (1994) The nature of major histocompatibility complex recognition by γδ+ T cells. Cell, 76, 29–37.
- Schmidt, R.E., Bartley, G.T., Lee, S.S., Daley, J.F., Royer, H.D., Levine, H., Reinherz, E.L., Schlossman, S.F., Ritz, J. (1986a) Expression of the NKTa clonotype in a series of human natural killer clones with identical cytotoxic specificity. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 163, 812–825.
- Schmidt, R.E., Murray, C., Daley, J.F., Schlossman, S.F., Ritz, J. (1986b) A subset of natural killer cells in peripheral blood displays a mature T cell phenotype. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 164, 351–356.
- Schmidt-Wolf, I.G.H., Negrin, R.S., Kiem, H., Blume, K.G., Weissman, I.L. (1991) Use of a SCID mouse/human lymphoma model to evaluate cytokine-induced killer cells with potent anti-tumor cell activity. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 174, 139–149.
- Schmidt-Wolf, I.G.H., Lefterova, P., Mehta, B.A., Fernandez, L.P., Huhn, D., Blume, K.G., Weissman, L.L., Negrin, R.S. (1993) Phenotypic characterization and identification of effector cells involved in tumor cell recognition of cytokine induced killer cells. Experimental Hematology, 21, 1673–1679.
- Sperling, A.I., Linsley, P.S., Barrett, T.A., Bluestone J.A. (1993) CD-28-mediated costimulation is necessary for the activation of T cell receptor-γδ+ T lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology, 151, 6043–6050.
- Steinle, A., Groh, V., Spies, T. (1998) Diversification, expression, and gamma delta T cell recognition of evolutionarily distinct members of the MIC family of major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 12510–12515.
- Tewari, K., Cappuccini, F., Rosen, R.B., Rosenthal, J., Asrat, T., Kohler, M.F. (1999) Relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pregnancy: survival following chemoirradiation and autologous transfer of interleukin-2 activated stem cells. Gynecological Oncology, 74, 143–146.
- Tsuji, S., Char, S., Bucy, R.P., Simonsen, M., Chen, C.H., Cooper, M.D. (1996) γδ T cells are secondary participants in acute graft-versus-host interactions initiated by CD4+αβ T cells. European Journal of Immunology, 26, 420–427.
- Ueda, M., Joshi, I.D., Uberti, J.P., Chou, T., Sensenbrenner, L.L., Lum, L.G. (1993) Preclinical studies for adoptive immunotherapy in bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation, 56, 351–356.
- Valiante, N.M. & Parham, P. (1997) Natural killer cells, HLA class I molecules, and marrow transplantation. Biology of Blood Marrow Transplantation, 3, 229–235.
- Viale, M., Ferrini, S., Bacigalupo, A. (1992) TCR γδ positive lymphocytes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 10, 249–253.
- Wesselborg, S., Janssen, O., Pechhold, K., Kabelitz, D. (1991) Selective activation of γδ+ T cells by single anti-CD2 antibodies. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 173, 297–304.
- Yabe, M., Yabe, H., Hattori, K., Hinohars, T., Morimoto, T., Kato, S., Kusonoki, A. (1994) Transition of T cell receptor gamma/delta expressing double negative (CD4-/CD8-) lymphocytes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14, 741–746.
- Yu, Y.Y.L., George, T., Dorfman, J.R., Roland, J., Kumar, V., Bennett, M. (1996) The role of Ly49A and 5E6 (Ly49C) molecules in hybrid resistance mediated by murine natural killer cells against normal T cell blasts. Immunity, 4, 67–76.
- Zeh, H.J., Hurd, S., Storkus, W.J., Lotze, M.T. (1993) IL-12 promotes the proliferation and cytolytic maturation of immune effectors: implications for the immunotherapy of cancer. Journal of Immunotherapy, 14, 155–161.
Citing Literature
