Volume 105, Issue 5 e70016
REVIEW

The Fresnel equations of classical and extended electrodynamics – a review

Elena A. Ivanova

Corresponding Author

Elena A. Ivanova

Higher School of Theoretical Mechanics and Mathematical Physics, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Correspondence

Elena A. Ivanova, Higher School of Theoretical Mechanics and Mathematical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

Email: [email protected]

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Wolfgang H. Müller

Wolfgang H. Müller

Institut für Mechanik Fachgebiet Kontinuumsmechanik und Materialtheorie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Wilhelm Rickert

Wilhelm Rickert

Institut für Mechanik Fachgebiet Kontinuumsmechanik und Materialtheorie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Elena N. Vilchevskaya

Elena N. Vilchevskaya

Institut für Mechanik Fachgebiet Kontinuumsmechanik und Materialtheorie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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First published: 18 April 2025

Abstract

We study the behavior of electromagnetic waves near the interface between two media: a dielectric medium and a conducting medium leading to the so-called Fresnel equations. We discuss analytical solutions of the problem in the framework of classical as well as extended electrodynamics. As a didactic add-on a rational derivation of the classical Fresnel equations in conducting media by using a consistent application of vector representation for the wave vectors is presented for the benefit of the reader. The Fresnel equations obtained in the framework of extended electrodynamics are novel. We also discuss three mechanical models of electrodynamic processes in conducting media. The mathematical description of two of them allows one to obtain classical Maxwell's equations. The third model combines the two first models. Its mathematical description allows one to obtain the equations of extended electrodynamics.

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