Review
Strategies to Enhance ZnO Photocatalyst's Performance for Water Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Abdo Hezam,
Dr. Q. A. Drmosh,
Deepalekshmi Ponnamma,
Mohammed Abdullah Bajiri,
Mohammad Qamar,
K. Namratha,
Mina Zare,
M. B. Nayan,
Sagheer A. Onaizi,
K. Byrappa,
Abdo Hezam
Center for Materials Science and Technology, University of Mysore, Vijana Bhavana, Manasagangothiri, 570 006 Mysuru, India
Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Q. A. Drmosh
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorDeepalekshmi Ponnamma
Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, 122104 Qatar
Search for more papers by this authorMohammed Abdullah Bajiri
Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, 577 451 Shankaraghatta, India
Search for more papers by this authorMohammad Qamar
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorK. Namratha
DOS in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570 006 India
Search for more papers by this authorMina Zare
Center for Materials Science and Technology, University of Mysore, Vijana Bhavana, Manasagangothiri, 570 006 Mysuru, India
Search for more papers by this authorM. B. Nayan
Center for Materials Science and Technology, University of Mysore, Vijana Bhavana, Manasagangothiri, 570 006 Mysuru, India
Search for more papers by this authorSagheer A. Onaizi
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31216 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
K. Byrappa
Adichunchanagiri University, N.H.75, 571448 B. G. Nagara, Mandya District, India
Search for more papers by this authorAbdo Hezam,
Dr. Q. A. Drmosh,
Deepalekshmi Ponnamma,
Mohammed Abdullah Bajiri,
Mohammad Qamar,
K. Namratha,
Mina Zare,
M. B. Nayan,
Sagheer A. Onaizi,
K. Byrappa,
Abdo Hezam
Center for Materials Science and Technology, University of Mysore, Vijana Bhavana, Manasagangothiri, 570 006 Mysuru, India
Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Q. A. Drmosh
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorDeepalekshmi Ponnamma
Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, 122104 Qatar
Search for more papers by this authorMohammed Abdullah Bajiri
Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, 577 451 Shankaraghatta, India
Search for more papers by this authorMohammad Qamar
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorK. Namratha
DOS in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570 006 India
Search for more papers by this authorMina Zare
Center for Materials Science and Technology, University of Mysore, Vijana Bhavana, Manasagangothiri, 570 006 Mysuru, India
Search for more papers by this authorM. B. Nayan
Center for Materials Science and Technology, University of Mysore, Vijana Bhavana, Manasagangothiri, 570 006 Mysuru, India
Search for more papers by this authorSagheer A. Onaizi
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31216 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
K. Byrappa
Adichunchanagiri University, N.H.75, 571448 B. G. Nagara, Mandya District, India
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Despite the photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation using ZnO started in 1910–1911, many challenges are still ahead, and several critical issues have to be addressed. Large band gap, and short life-time of photogenerated electrons and holes are critical issues negatively affect the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. Various approaches have been introduced to overcome these issues including intrinsic doping, extrinsic doping, and heterostructure. This review introduces unique and deep insights into tuning of the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. It starts by description of how to tune the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnO through tuning its morphology, surface area, exposed face, and intrinsic defects. Afterward, the review explains how the Z-scheme approach succeed to address the redox weakened issue of heterojunction approach. In general, this review provides a clear image that helps the researcher to tune the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnO and its heterostructure.
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