Cellulose Nanocrystal Stabilized Liquid Metal Pickering Emulsion as Photothermal and Conductive Direct-Writing Ink
Wang Sun
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhen Zhang
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMengen Wang
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorJiaqi Zeng
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorLiu Feng
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojing Wang
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorYali Hu
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorChao Ma
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorGuofu Zhou
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorWang Sun
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhen Zhang
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMengen Wang
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorJiaqi Zeng
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorLiu Feng
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojing Wang
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorYali Hu
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorChao Ma
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorGuofu Zhou
SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) has attracted great attention for constructing flexible electronic devices due to its excellent deformability and electrical conductivity. However, its large surface tension makes it difficult to be uniformly dispersed in polymers, which severely limits its wide applications. Hence, a surfactant-free approach is proposed to prepare stable LM microspheres against precipitation and coalesce by facile ultrasonication via cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) stabilized LM-in-water Pickering emulsion (PE), where CNCs are employed as Pickering emulsifiers due their partial wettability with both LM and water phases, strong electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bonding interactions with LM. So far, reports about LM PE and CNC-stabilized inorganic material PE are still rare. CNC/LM PE is employed as direct-writing inks on various substrates for delicate patterns. The pristine CNC/LM patterns show excellent photothermal conversion due to localized surface plasma resonance effect of CNC/LM microspheres. After activation by friction sintering, the LM patterns are highly electric conductive (1666.7 S m−1) due to the formation of LM connection. The activated LM patterns also displayed excellent Joule heating (83.2 °C at 0.9 V) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding ability (585.7 dB mm−1) in X-band range.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| smll202501598-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx35.6 MB | Supporting Information |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1Z. Ma, Q. Huang, Q. Xu, Q. Zhuang, X. Zhao, Y. Yang, H. Qiu, Z. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Chai, Nat. Mater. 2021, 20, 859.
- 2W. Li, T. Zhou, Z. Zhang, L. Li, W. Lian, Y. Wang, J. Lu, J. Yan, H. Wang, L. Wei, Science. 2024, 385, 62.
- 3K. Liu, W. Liu, W. Li, Y. Duan, K. Zhou, S. Zhang, S. Ni, T. Xu, H. Du, C. Si, Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater. 2022, 5, 1078.
- 4Z. Yang, Z. Wu, D. Jiang, R. Wei, X. Mai, D. Pan, S. Vupputuri, L. Weng, N. Naik, Z. Guo, J. Mater. Chem. C. 2021, 9, 2752.
- 5H. Zhang, L. Wang, S. Xi, H. Xie, W. Yu, Renewable Energy. 2021, 175, 307.
- 6T. Li, Y. Wang, M. Yang, H. Hou, S. Wu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2021, 826, 141983.
- 7X. Yu, Z. Wu, L. Weng, D. Jiang, H. Algadi, Z. Qin, Z. Guo, B. B. Xu, Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 2023, 10, 2202292.
- 8M. Kim, S. Kim, Y. C. Seong, K.-H. Yang, H. Choi, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2021, 4, 729.
- 9Y. He, J. Yang, W. Chen, W. Chen, L. Zhao, W. Qi, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 464, 142565.
- 10X. Chen, Z. Yin, Y. Deng, Z. Li, M. Xue, Y. Chen, Y. Xie, W. Liu, P. He, Y. Luo, Sens. Actuators, A. 2023, 362, 114630.
- 11M. Ma, W. Shao, Q. Chu, W. Tao, S. Chen, Y. Shi, H. He, Y. Zhu, X. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A. 2024, 12, 1617.
- 12M. Li, Y. Sun, D. Feng, K. Ruan, X. Liu, J. Gu, Nano Res. 2023, 16, 7820.
- 13K. Schlingman, G. M. D'Amaral, R. S. Carmichael, T. B. Carmichael, Adv. Mater. Technol. 2023, 8, 2200374.
- 14G. Li, M. Zhang, S. Liu, M. Yuan, J. Wu, M. Yu, L. Teng, Z. Xu, J. Guo, G. Li, Nat. Electron. 2023, 6, 154.
- 15S. Chen, Z. Cui, H. Wang, X. Wang, J. Liu, Appl. Phys. Rev. 2023, 10, 021308.
- 16S. Handschuh-Wang, T. Wang, T. Gancarz, X. Liu, B. Wang, B. He, M. D. Dickey, G. W. Wimmer, F. J. Stadler, Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2408466.
- 17J. Ma, F. Krisnadi, M. H. Vong, M. Kong, O. M. Awartani, M. D. Dickey, Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2205196.
- 18S. Xiang, D. Liu, C. Jiang, W. Zhou, D. Ling, W. Zheng, X. Sun, X. Li, Y. Mao, C. Shan, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2100940.
- 19B. Feng, X. Jiang, G. Zou, W. Wang, T. Sun, H. Yang, G. Zhao, M. Dong, Y. Xiao, H. Zhu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2102359.
- 20Y. Xu, Y. Su, X. Xu, B. Arends, G. Zhao, D. N. Ackerman, H. Huang, S. P. Reid, J. L. Santarpia, C. Kim, Sci. Adv. 2023, 9, adf0575.
- 21X. Li, P. Zhu, S. Zhang, X. Wang, X. Luo, Z. Leng, H. Zhou, Z. Pan, Y. Mao, ACS Nano. 2022, 16, 5909.
- 22L. Ding, C. Hang, S. Yang, J. Qi, R. Dong, Y. Zhang, H. Sun, X. Jiang, Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 4482.
- 23W. Jung, M. H. Vong, K. Kwon, J. U. Kim, S. J. Kwon, T. i. Kim, M. D. Dickey, Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2406783.
- 24Y. Zheng, H. Liu, L. Yan, H. Yang, L. Dai, C. Si, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34, 2310653.
- 25K. Yamagishi, T. Ching, N. Chian, M. Tan, W. Zhou, S. Y. Huang, M. Hashimoto, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34, 2311219.
- 26B. N. Muller, V. R. Feig, N. S. Colella, G. Traverso, S. M. Hashmi, ACS Nano. 2024, 18, 13768.
- 27Z. Zhang, M. Cheng, M. S. Gabriel, Â. A. Teixeira Neto, J. da Silva Bernardes, R. Berry, K. C. Tam, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2019, 555, 489.
- 28B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, S. Kapar, P. Ataeian, J. da Silva Bernardes, R. Berry, W. Zhao, G. Zhou, K. C. Tam, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 17756.
- 29N. Liu, B. Wan, Z. Zhang, X. Fang, X. Lin, Y. Wang, J. Tang, X. Bai, Y. Li, Y. Yao, G. Zhou, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2023, 235, 123830.
- 30Z. Zhang, M. Zhong, H. Xiang, Y. Ding, Y. Wang, Y. Shi, G. Yang, B. Tang, K. C. Tam, G. Zhou, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2023, 253, 127263.
- 31Z. Zhang, G. Sèbe, Y. Hou, J. Wang, J. Huang, G. Zhou, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2021, 138, 51458.
- 32Z. Zhang, X. Lin, J. Lin, N. Liu, B. Wan, X. Fang, L. Shui, Y. Li, K. C. Tam, J. Huang, G. Zhou, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 473, 145435.
- 33H. Xiang, B. Wang, M. Zhong, W. Liu, D. Yu, Y. Wang, K. C. Tam, G. Zhou, Z. Zhang, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 5939.
- 34J. Liu, N. Liu, G. Li, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Zhang, D. Xu, Y. Jiang, X. Gao, X. Lu, S.-P. Feng, G. Zhou, J.-M. Liu, J. Gao, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2023, 15, 1348.
- 35Y. Ding, L. Feng, Z. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Li, X. Fang, X. Hu, X. Wang, K. C. Tam, G. Zhou, Z. Zhang, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2023, 11, 14255.
- 36Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, T. Chang, J. Wang, X. Wang, G. Zhou, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 428, 131164.
- 37L. Li, X. Wang, Y. Hu, W. Sun, Y. Ding, N. He, G. Zhou, Z. Zhang, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2024, 12, 17566.
- 38W. Sun, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, N. He, Q. Wei, L. Feng, Z. Wang, J. Wu, C. Liu, S. Fu, Sci. China Mater. 2024, 67, 3225.
- 39Q. Wei, Z. Zhang, W. Sun, J. Wu, X. Wang, Y. Yu, X. Cai, X. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Chen, Chem. Eng. J. 2025, 511, 162036.
- 40Z. Zhang, X. Fang, Z. Wang, W. Sun, Y. Zhang, G. Zhou, J. Mater. Chem. A. 2025, 13, 10709.
- 41T. Gan, S. Handschuh-Wang, W. Shang, X. Zhou, Langmuir. 2022, 38, 14475.
- 42S. Kim, S. Kim, K. Hong, M. D. Dickey, S. Park, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2022, 14, 37110.
- 43M. Baharfar, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, ACS Sens. 2022, 7, 386.
- 44L. Yang, Y. Ma, C. Lin, G. Qu, X. Bai, Z. Huang, Small. 2022, 18, 2200620.
- 45W. He, X. Huang, X. Ma, J. Zhang, J. Opt. 2022, 51, 142.
- 46F. Yu, Q. Liu, Y. Ding, W. Zhang, M.-G. Ma, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2025, 287, 138557.
- 47H. Mei, X. Zhao, J. Xia, F. Wei, D. Han, S. Xiao, L. Cheng, Mater. Des. 2018, 144, 323.
- 48D. Xing, M. Rana, B. Hao, Q. Zheng, P.-C. Ma, Electrochim. Acta. 2022, 427, 140847.
- 49D. Mani, M. C. Vu, S. Anand, J.-B. Kim, T.-H. Jeong, I.-H. Kim, B. K. Seo, M. A. Islam, S.-R. Kim, Composites Commun. 2023, 44, 101735.
- 50W. Zhang, L. Wei, J. Ma, S.-L. Bai, Composites, Part A. 2020, 132, 105838.
- 51C. Xiong, T. Wang, L. Zhou, Y. Zhang, L. Dai, Q. Zhou, Y. Ni, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 472, 144958.
- 52S. Zeng, X. Li, M. Li, J. Zheng, E. Shiju, W. Yang, B. Zhao, X. Guo, R. Zhang, Carbon. 2019, 155, 34.
- 53J. Wang, X. Wu, Y. Wang, W. Zhao, Y. Zhao, M. Zhou, Y. Wu, G. Ji, Nano-Micro Lett. 2023, 15, 11.
- 54G. Wang, J. Chen, W. Zheng, B. Shen, Chem. Eng. J. 2024, 488, 151052.
- 55J.-F. Feng, J.-X. Wang, W.-T. Liu, S.-T. Fan, D.-L. Guo, M. Tan, B.-J. Li, K. Guo, S. Zhang, ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2024, 6, 4103.
- 56M. C. Vu, D. Mani, J.-B. Kim, T.-H. Jeong, S. Park, G. Murali, I. In, J.-C. Won, D. Losic, C.-S. Lim, Composites, Part A. 2021, 149, 106574.
- 57H. F. Shakir, M. Shahzad, H. R. Aziz, M. S. Rizwan, S. Shahid, S. H. Ali, T. Zhao, J. Alloys Compd. 2022, 902, 163847.
- 58L. Qiu, W. Han, Q. Yu, Y. Liu, B. Chen, L. Yi, Compos. Sci. Technol. 2024, 257, 110825.
- 59M. Parit, H. Du, X. Zhang, C. Prather, M. Adams, Z. Jiang, Carbohydr. Polym. 2020, 240, 116304.
- 60L. Kong, X. Yin, H. Xu, X. Yuan, T. Wang, Z. Xu, J. Huang, R. Yang, H. Fan, Carbon. 2019, 145, 61.
- 61L. Wanying, W. Qin, S. Qi, L. Yinxiang, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics. 2021, 34, 91.
10.1016/j.cja.2020.12.040 Google Scholar
- 62C. Zhang, Q. Lv, Y. Liu, C. Wang, Q. Wang, H. Wei, L. Liu, J. Li, H. Dong, Polymer. 2021, 224, 123742.
- 63N. Ren, Y. Ai, N. Yue, M. Cui, R. Huang, W. Qi, R. Su, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2024, 16, 17904.
- 64W. Shen, D. Estevez, L. Zhou, P. Xu, F. Qin, Polymer. 2022, 238, 124413.
