Volume 21, Issue 9 2409982
Research Article

A Redox-Active Copper Complex for Orthogonal Detection of Homocysteine Involving Fluorescence and Electrochemical Techniques

Snehasish Debnath

Snehasish Debnath

Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002 India

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India

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Sriraja Subhasri Paramasivam

Sriraja Subhasri Paramasivam

Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003 India

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India

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Debjani Pradhan

Debjani Pradhan

Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002 India

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India

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Pandiaraj Manickam

Corresponding Author

Pandiaraj Manickam

Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003 India

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

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Pabitra B. Chatterjee

Corresponding Author

Pabitra B. Chatterjee

Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002 India

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

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First published: 23 January 2025
Citations: 2

Abstract

The present work reports the synthesis, characterization, and excited state photo-physical studies of two copper(II) compounds, 1 & 2, which show interference-free emission with homocysteine (Hcy). Cu(II) complexes offer an orthogonal detection strategy involving fluorescence and electrochemical methods, paving the way for improved point-of-care diagnostics and early cardiovascular diseases intervention. The reduction-induced emission enhancement (RIEE) of Cu complexes facilitates the fluorescence measurement of Hcy at physiological pH. The fluorogenic redox-active 1 and 2 are deposited onto gold electrode surfaces to construct the electrochemical sensors 1@Au and 2@Au, respectively. Under specific alkaline conditions, a distinct and selective redox peak at 0.6 V (vs Ag/AgCl) emerges for 1@Au upon interaction with homocysteine. Further, square wave voltammetry confirms the non-interference of its congener (cysteine) even at high concentrations (200 µM) while detecting Hcy (5–100 µM), demonstrating its potential for real-world applications. The fabricated 1@Au exhibits excellent sensitivity of 31.88 µA/µM, with an impressive detection limit of 2.26 nM, and a limit of quantification of 6.85 nM toward Hcy. The analytical applicability of the 1@Au is validated by quantifying Hcy levels in human blood plasma samples. The results highlighted the feasibility of the proposed technique as a rapid and portable monitoring of Hcy in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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