2D Materials and Primary Human Dendritic Cells: A Comparative Cytotoxicity Study
Hazel Lin
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorShiyuan Peng
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorShi Guo
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorBaojin Ma
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorMatteo Andrea Lucherelli
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorCathy Royer
Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro de l'ITI Neurostra, CNRS UAR 3156, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorStefano Ippolito
CNRS, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorPaolo Samorì
CNRS, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alberto Bianco
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorHazel Lin
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorShiyuan Peng
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorShi Guo
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorBaojin Ma
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorMatteo Andrea Lucherelli
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorCathy Royer
Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro de l'ITI Neurostra, CNRS UAR 3156, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorStefano Ippolito
CNRS, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorPaolo Samorì
CNRS, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alberto Bianco
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Human health can be affected by materials indirectly through exposure to the environment or directly through close contact and uptake. With the ever-growing use of 2D materials in many applications such as electronics, medical therapeutics, molecular sensing, and energy storage, it has become more pertinent to investigate their impact on the immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly important, considering their role as the main link between the innate and the adaptive immune system. By using primary human DCs, it is shown that hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphene oxide (GO) and molybdenum disulphide have minimal effects on viability. In particular, it is evidenced that hBN and GO increase DC maturation, while GO leads to the release of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. hBN and MoS2 increase T cell proliferation with and without the presence of DCs. hBN in particular does not show any sign of downstream T cell polarization. The study allows ranking of the three materials in terms of inherent toxicity, providing the following trend: GO > hBN ≈ MoS2, with GO the most cytotoxic.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
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