RESEARCH ARTICLE
A Two-Panel Delphi Study on Risk Factors of Adolescent Suicide in South Korea
Mo Hyun Yang,
Sangin Lee,
Dong Hun Lee,
Young-Soon Lee,
Mo Hyun Yang
Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorSangin Lee
Department of Psychology, Center for Coaching Psychology Research, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dong Hun Lee
Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea
Correspondence: Dong Hun Lee ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorYoung-Soon Lee
Department of Psychology, Center for Coaching Psychology Research, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorMo Hyun Yang,
Sangin Lee,
Dong Hun Lee,
Young-Soon Lee,
Mo Hyun Yang
Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorSangin Lee
Department of Psychology, Center for Coaching Psychology Research, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dong Hun Lee
Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea
Correspondence: Dong Hun Lee ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorYoung-Soon Lee
Department of Psychology, Center for Coaching Psychology Research, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 01 April 2025
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to identify and reach a consensus on factors contributing to adolescent suicidality following biopsychosocial model. The research was conducted in three stages: (1) literature review and school counselor interview on self-harm and suicidal risk factors in the adolescent population; (2) development of a list of risk factors (3) Delphi survey on counselor panel and adolescent panel. Three rounds of the Delphi questionnaire were conducted for each panel. Results discovered that there was consensus between the counselors and adolescents as well as counselor and adolescent exclusive risk factors. Both panels agreed on ‘psychiatric difficulties,’ ‘guilt,’ ‘perceived burdensomeness,’ ‘feeling worthlessness,’ ‘powerlessness,’ ‘hopelessness,’ ‘acquired capability for suicide,’ ‘positive expectations of death,’ ‘lack of meaning in life,’ ‘absence of alternatives to self-harm,’ ‘loneliness,’ ‘impulsivity,’ ‘exposure to problematic parenting,’ ‘family conflict,’ ‘domestic abuse,’ ‘experience of school violence’ ‘bullying or being out casted’, ‘loss of reliance’ and ‘economic hardship.’ Counselor panel exclusive consensus represented the importance of a broad range of risk factors, while adolescents suggested risk factors using expressions that specifically and delicately revealed internal experiences. The consented risk factors could enhance adolescent suicide prevention, as they were validated by the key stakeholders, the adolescents in crisis, and their counselors.
Summary
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Biopsychosocial model for adolescent suicide allows possible breakdown of the broad suicide risk factors of adolescents.
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Counselors showed broader perspectives and knowledge of suicide in adolescents than the suicidal adolescents, while the adolescents reported specific and delicate internal experiences during the crisis. However, both panels emphasized the impact of psychological factors such as hopelessness, impulsivity, and guilt and socioenvironmental factors such as family and peer dynamics in suicidal adolescents.
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This highlights the importance of addressing these internal struggles in suicide prevention efforts as well as the importance of comprehensive, community-based support systems to mitigate these external pressures.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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