Special Issue Article
Unravelling the Interplay Between Genetic and Environmental Contributions in the Unfolding of Personality Differences from Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Christian Kandler,
Trine Waaktaar, René Mõttus,
Rainer Riemann, Svenn Torgersen,
Corresponding Author
Christian Kandler
University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Correspondence to: Christian Kandler, Department of Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, University of Bremen, Grazer Strasse 2c, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorRené Mõttus
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Search for more papers by this authorChristian Kandler,
Trine Waaktaar, René Mõttus,
Rainer Riemann, Svenn Torgersen,
Corresponding Author
Christian Kandler
University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Correspondence to: Christian Kandler, Department of Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, University of Bremen, Grazer Strasse 2c, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorRené Mõttus
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Search for more papers by this authorThis article earned Open Data and Open Materials badges through Open Practices Disclosure from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki. The data and materials are permanently and openly accessible at https://dbk.gesis.org/DBKSearch/SDesc2.asp?no=6701 and https://osf.io/wk9rp/. Author's disclosure form may also be found at the Supporting Information in the online version.
Abstract
In two studies, we examined the genetic and environmental sources of the unfolding of personality trait differences from childhood to emerging adulthood. Using self-reports from over 3000 representative German twin pairs of three birth cohorts, we could replicate previous findings on the primary role of genetic sources accounting for the unfolding of inter-individual differences in personality traits and stabilizing trait differences during adolescence. More specifically, the genetic variance increased between early (ages 10–12 years) and late (ages 16–18 years) adolescence and stabilized between late adolescence and young adulthood (ages 21–25 years). This trend could be confirmed in a second three-wave longitudinal study of adolescents' personality self-reports and parent ratings from about 1400 Norwegian twin families (average ages between 15 and 20 years). Moreover, the longitudinal study provided evidence for increasing genetic differences being primarily due to accumulation of novel genetic influences instead of an amplification of initial genetic variation. This is in line with cumulative interaction effects between twins' correlated genetic makeups and environmental circumstances shared by adolescent twins reared together. In other words, nature × nurture interactions rather than transactions can account for increases in genetic variance and thus personality variance during adolescence. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| per2189-sup-0001-Supplementary materials.docxWord 2007 document , 260.7 KB |
Table S1. Example data underlying of the scenarios shown in Figure 1 and its consequences regarding the twin correlations and estimates of genetic and environmental contributions Table S2. Factor Analyses of the BFI-16 Item Scores in Study 1: Factor Loadings and Explained Variance Table S3. Complete Unstandardized Model Parameter Estimates Based on the Biometric Structural Equation Model for Study 1 Depicted in Figure 2 Table S4. Model Implied Estimates of Trait Variance, Twin Covariance/Correlations, and Additive as well as Nonadditive Genetic Components Based on the Most Parsimonious Biometric Structural Equation Model after Model Fitting Tests in Study 1 Figure S1. Model-implied age trends of trait variance, MZ twin covariance, and DZ twin covariance for Big Five traits in Study 1. Estimates are based on the full (unconstrained) biometric models based on the assumption of metric MI. Figure S2. Model-implied age trends of genetic and environmental variance components for Big Five traits in Study 1. Estimates are based on the full (unconstrained) biometric models based on the assumption of metric MI. Table S5. Inter-Item Consistency (α) of the HiPIC-40 Scale Scores in Study 2 Table S6. Inter-Rater Consistency (r and ICC) of HiPIC-40 Scale Scores in Study 2 Table S7. Complete Unstandardized Model Parameter Estimates Based on the Biometric Structural Equation Model for Study 2 Depicted in Figure 5 |
| per2189-sup-0002-SI.pdfPDF document, 665 KB |
Supporting Information |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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