Fire hazard suppression of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene based on a novel Ni-containing char-forming agent
Xiang Dong
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ruxiang Qin
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Correspondence
Ruxiang Qin and Shibin Nie, School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, Huainan 232001, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Shibin Nie
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Correspondence
Ruxiang Qin and Shibin Nie, School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, Huainan 232001, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJinian Yang
School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Search for more papers by this authorChi Zhang
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Search for more papers by this authorWei Wu
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Search for more papers by this authorXiang Dong
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ruxiang Qin
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Correspondence
Ruxiang Qin and Shibin Nie, School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, Huainan 232001, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Shibin Nie
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Correspondence
Ruxiang Qin and Shibin Nie, School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, Huainan 232001, China.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJinian Yang
School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Search for more papers by this authorChi Zhang
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Search for more papers by this authorWei Wu
School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Reducing the fire hazard of polypropylene (PP) is an important research direction in the fields of fire safety materials. In this article, a novel Ni-containing char-forming agent (TTPN) was successfully synthesized, using tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC), terephthalic acid, and nickel dihydrogen phosphate. Then, TTPN was combined with the silica-gel microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (OS-MCAPP) to prepare intumescent flame retardant PP composites. From the results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test and cone calorimeter, the composite containing 30% IFR (OS-MCAPP: TTPN = 3:2) shows the highest LOI value of 33.5%, and its peak heat release rate is 275.5 kWm−2, decreased by 79.0% and 37.4% than those of pure PP and the composite containing the char-forming agent without Ni. Meanwhile, the composite containing TTPN present the best smoke and CO2/CO suppression. The results indicate that TTPN has an excellent ability to dramatically reduce the fire hazard of PP.
REFERENCES
- 1Chen YK, Gong Z, Cao LM, Wang YH, Yuan DS, Xu CH. Novel fluorosilicone thermoplastic vulcanizates prepared via core-shell dynamic vulcanization: effect of fluororubber/silicone rubber ratio on morphology, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties. Polym Adv Technol. 2018; 29(5): 1456-1468.
- 2Kong QH, Zhang HK, Liu Z, Wang DY, Zhang JH. Effect on thermal and combustion behaviors of montmorillonite intercalation nickel compounds in polypropylene/IFR system. Polym Adv Technol. 2017; 28(8): 965-970.
- 3Morgan AB, Gilman JW. An overview of flame retardancy of polymeric materials: application, technology, and future directions. Fire Mater. 2013; 37(4): 259-279.
- 4Watanabe R, Kunioka M, Sato H, Mizukado J, Hagihara H. Management of both toughness and stiffness of polypropylene nanocomposites using poly(5-hexen-1-ol-co-propylene) and silica nanospheres. Polym Adv Technol. 2018; 29(1): 417-423.
- 5Jiao CM, Wang HZ, Li SX, Chen XL. Fire hazard reduction of hollow glass microspheres in thermoplastic polyurethane composites. J Hazard Mater. 2017; 332: 176-184.
- 6Zhou KQ, Gao R, Qian XD. Self-assembly of exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and layered double hydroxide (LDH): towards reducing fire hazards of epoxy. J Hazard Mater. 2017; 338: 343-355.
- 7Yang L, Jiang TH, Guo W, He L, Luo Z, Zhang C. Influence of polypropylene topological structure evolution during melt branching reactive processing on its melt performances. Polym Adv Technol. 2018; 29(8): 2300-2307.
- 8Lu LG, Guo N, Qian XD, et al. Thermal degradation and combustion behavior of intumescent flame-retardant polypropylenewith novel phosphorus-based flame retardants. J Appl Polym Sci. 2018; 135(10):45962.
- 9Prahsarn C, Roungpaisan N, Klinsukhon W, Suwannamek N, Padee S. Thermal and flame retardant properties of shaped polypropylene fibers containing modified-thai bentonite. Autex Res J. 2018; 18(1): 13-19.
- 10Deng CL, Deng C, Zhao J, Li RM, Fang WH, Wang YZ. Simultaneous improvement in the flame retardancy and water resistance of PP/APP through coating UV-curable pentaerythritol triacrylate onto APP. Chinese J Polym Sci. 2015; 33(2): 203-214.
- 11Schartel B, Hull TR. Development of fire-retarded materials–interpretation of cone calorimeter data. Fire Mater. 2017; 31: 327-354.
- 12Zhao M, Yi DQ, Yang RJ. Enhanced mechanical properties and fire retardancy of polyamide 6 nanocomposites based on interdigitated crystalline montmorillonite-melamine cyanurate. J Appl Polym Sci. 2018; 135(13):46039.
- 13He XD, Zhang WC, Yang RJ. The characterization of DOPO/MMT nanocompound and its effect on flame retardancy of epoxy resin. Compos Part A-Appl S. 2017; 98: 124-135.
- 14Wang W, Peng Y, Dong YM, Wang LK, Li JZ, Zhang W. Effect of coupling agent modified intumescent flame retardant on the mechanical properties, thermal degradation behavior, and flame retardancy of wood-flour/polypropylene composites. Polym Compos. 2018; 39(3): 826-834.
- 15Pang XY, Chang WS, Chang R, Wen MQ. Influence of titanium dioxide modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on combustion behavior and physicomechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam. Int Polym Proc. 2018; 33(1): 117-126.
- 16Jiang HC, Lin WC, Hua M, Pan XH, Shu CM, Jiang CJ. Analysis of kinetics of thermal decomposition of melamine blended with phosphorous ionic liquid by green approach. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018; 131(3): 2821-2831.
- 17Xiao D, Li Z, Gohs U, Wagenknecht U, Voit B, Wang DY. Functionalized allylamine polyphosphate as a novel multifunctional highly efficient fire retardant for polypropylene. Polym Chem. 2017; 8(40): 6309-6318.
- 18Ni JX, Chen LJ, Zhao KM, Hu Y, Song L. Preparation of gelsilica/ammonium polyphosphate core-shell flame retardant and properties of polyurethane composites. Polym Adv Technol. 2011; 22(12): 1824-1831.
- 19Ye T, Li J. Effect of anion of polyoxometalate based organic–inorganic hybrid material on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. Polym Adv Technol. 2016; 27(9): 1211-1216.
- 20Nie SB, Peng C, Yuan SJ, Zhang MX. Thermal and flame retardant properties of novel intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2013; 113(2): 865-871.
- 21Ke CH, Li J, Fang KY, Zhu QL, Zhu J, Yan Q. Enhancement of a hyperbranched charring and foaming agent on flame retardancy of polyamide 6. Polym Adv Technol. 2001; 22: 2237-2243.
- 22Wang XS, Pang HC, Chen WD, Lin Y, Zong LS, Nin GL. Controllable fabrication of zinc borate hierarchical nanostructure on brucite surface for enhanced mechanical properties and flame retardant behaviors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014; 6(10): 7223-7235.
- 23Chen WY, Yuan SS, Chen Y, Liu GS. Effect of charring agent THEIC on flame retardant properties of polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci. 2015; 132:41214.
- 24Chen SF, Zhang DH, Cheng XJ, Li TC, Zhang AQ, Li JL. Preparation and characterization of a novel hyperbranched polyphosphate ester. Mater Chem Phys. 2012; 137(1): 154-159.
- 25Pathak R, Kathalewar M, Wazarkar K, Sabnis A. Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) from tris-2-hydroxy ethyl isocyanurate modified fatty acid for coating applications. Prog Org Coat. 2015; 89: 160-169.
- 26Liu Y, Kong QH, Zhao XM, et al. Effect of Fe3O4-doped sepiolite on the flammability and thermal degradation properties of epoxy composites. Polym Adv Technol. 2017; 28(8): 971-978.
- 27Hu H, He Y, Long ZG, Zhang YQ. Synergistic effect of functional carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide on the anti-corrosion performance of epoxy coating. Polym Adv Technol. 2017; 28: 745-762.
- 28Bourbigot S, Bras ML, Rene D, Michel TJ. Synergistic effect of zeolite in an intumescence process study of the interactions between the polymer and the additives. J Chem Soc. 1996; 92: 3435-3444.
- 29Nie SB, Hu Y, Song L, He SQ, Yan DD. Study on a novel and efficient flame retardant synergist–nanoporous nickel phosphates VSB-1 with intumescent flame retardants in polypropylene. Polym Adv Technol. 2008; 19(6): 489-495.
- 30Nie SB, Zhou C, Peng C, et al. Thermal oxidative degradation kinetics of novel intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene composites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015; 120(2): 1183-1191.
- 31Dong X, Nie SB, Liu ZG, Wang DY. Study of the synergistic effect of nickel phosphate nanotubes (NiPO-NT) on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016; 126(3): 1323-1330.
- 32Yuan SS, Chen WY, Liu GS. Synergistic effect of THEIC-based charring agent on flame retardant properties of polylactide. J Appl Polym Sci. 2015; 132:41218.
10.1002/app.41218 Google Scholar
- 33Hu S, Song L, Hu Y. Preparation and characterization of chitosan-based flame retardant and its thermal and combustible behavior on polyvinyl alcohol. Polym Plast Technol. 2013; 52(4): 393-399.
- 34Tang T, Hu Y. Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites and intumescent, flame-retardant montmorillonite synergism in polypropylene nanocomposites. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem. 2004; 42(23): 6163-6173.
- 35Zhou S, Song L, Wang ZZ, Hu Y, Xing WY. Flame retardation and char formation mechanism of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol phosphate. Polym Degrad Stab. 2008; 93(10): 1799-1806.
- 36Bugajny M, Bourbigot S, Bras ML, Delobel R. The originand nature of flame retardance in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers containing hostaflam AP 750. Polym Int. 1999; 48(4): 264-270.
- 37Lewin M, Endo M. Catalysis of intumescent flame retardancy of polypropylene by metallic compounds. Polym Adv Technol. 2003; 14(1): 3-11.
Citing Literature
