A systematic review of urinary bladder hypertrophy in experimental diabetes: Part I. Streptozotocin-induced rat models
Ebru Arioglu Inan PhD
Department of Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorJohanne H. Ellenbroek PhD
Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Martin C. Michel MD
Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
Correspondence
Prof. Martin C. Michel, Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorEbru Arioglu Inan PhD
Department of Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorJohanne H. Ellenbroek PhD
Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Martin C. Michel MD
Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
Correspondence
Prof. Martin C. Michel, Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Aims
To better understand the genesis and consequences of urinary bladder hypertrophy in animal models of diabetes. This part of a three-article series will analyze urinary bladder hypertrophy in the diabetes mellitus type 1 model of rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ).
Methods
A systematic search for the key word combination “diabetes,” “bladder” and “hypertrophy” was performed in PubMed; additional references were identified from reference lists of those publications. All papers were systematically extracted for relevant information.
Results
A total of 39 studies were identified that quantitatively reported on bladder hypertrophy in rats upon injection of STZ; of which several reported on multiple time points yielding a total of 83 group comparisons. Bladder hypertrophy was found consistently, being fully developed as early as 1 week after STZ injection (bladder weight 188 ± 59% of matched control). Hypertrophy was similar across sexes and STZ doses (35-40 vs 50-65 mg/kg) but appeared greater with Wistar rats than other rat strains. The extent of bladder hypertrophy was not correlated to blood glucose concentrations, but normalization of blood glucose concentration by insulin treatment starting early after STZ injection prevented hypertrophy; insulin treatment starting after hypertrophy had established largely reversed it.
Conclusions
Bladder size approximately doubles after STZ injection in rats; the extent of hypertrophy is not linked to the severity of hyperglycemia but largely reversible by restoration of euglycemia.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
EAI and JHE report no conflict of interest. MCM does not report a conflict of interest relative to diabetes but relative to bladder function is a consultant and shareholder of Velicept.
Supporting Information
Additional supporting information may be found online in the supporting information tab for this article.
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