Assessing pathological changes within the nucleus ambiguus of horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy: An extreme, length-dependent axonopathy
Alexandra C.E. Draper BVetMed, PhD
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorStephen D. Cahalan MVB
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Goodwin BSc
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorJustin Perkins BVetMed, MS
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Richard J. Piercy MA, VetMB, PhD
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Correspondence
Richard J. Piercy, Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College Street, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandra C.E. Draper BVetMed, PhD
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorStephen D. Cahalan MVB
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Goodwin BSc
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorJustin Perkins BVetMed, MS
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Richard J. Piercy MA, VetMB, PhD
Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
Correspondence
Richard J. Piercy, Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College Street, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: Horseracing Betting Levy Board (HBLB), Grant/Award Number: RS251
Abstract
Introduction
Equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) is a naturally occurring model of length-dependent axonopathy characterized by asymmetrical degeneration of recurrent laryngeal nerve axons (RLn). Distal RLn degeneration is marked, but it is unclear whether degeneration extends to include cell bodies (consistent with a neuronopathy).
Methods
With examiners blinded to RLN severity, brainstem location, and side, we examined correlations between RLN severity (assessed using left distal RLn myelinated axon count) and histopathological features (including chromatolysis and glial responses) in the nucleus ambiguus cell bodies, and myelinated axon count of the right distal RLn of 16 horses.
Results
RLN severity was not associated with RLn cell body number (P > .05), or degeneration. A positive correlation between the left and right distal RLn myelinated axon counts was identified (R2 = 0.57, P < .05).
Discussion
We confirm that RLN, a length-dependent distal axonopathy, occurs in the absence of detectable neuronopathy.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose related to this study.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| mus26699-sup-0001-FigureS1.tifTIFF image, 2.5 MB | Figure S1 A dorsal view of the cranial nerve nuclei within the brainstem. The nucleus ambiguus was partitioned into 4 mm transverse sections (black lines) from a region 4 mm caudal and 12 mm rostral to the obex. |
| mus26699-sup-0002-FigureS2.tifTIFF image, 2.7 MB | Figure S2 Correlation between the myelinated axon count in the distal left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLn) with that in the distal right RLn (R2 = 0.57; p = 0.001). The severity of RLN increases as the number of myelinated axons in the distal left recurrent laryngeal nerve decreases depicted by the arrow below the x-axis. A line of best fit is drawn to show the relationship between the left and right nerve axon counts. |
| mus26699-sup-0003-TableS1.docxWord 2007 document , 13.8 KB | TABLE S1 Association of RLN severity with various pathological parameters measured in cell bodies within the NAs of the brainstem at 4 predefined regions for both L and R sides |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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